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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

129
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
129
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

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Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions01:22

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A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. For a chemical reaction to happen, atoms must collide with enough energy to overcome the repulsion between their electrons. This energy is called activation energy. Factors influencing the rate of reaction either lower the activation energy or increase the likelihood of a successful collision.
Concentration and Pressure:
The more particles present within a given space, the more likely those particles are to bump into one another....
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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電気化学的に反応する異質な触媒を用いて,反応運動を制御する.

Xianwen Mao1, Wenda Tian, Jie Wu

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 8, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

反応速度を正確に制御するために,電気化学反応性異質触媒 (ERHC) を開発しました. この方法は,フロー原子炉における柔軟な反応管理のために,触媒活動の継続的な調整を提供します.

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科学分野:

  • カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 電気化学 電気化学について

背景:

  • 反応運動を制御することは,化学プロセスにおいて極めて重要です.
  • 既存の反応性触媒法では,正確な制御と統合能力が欠けている.
  • 電気化学制御は,調節可能な触媒の有望な経路を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しい電気化学反応性異質触媒 (ERHC) システムの開発と実証.
  • 反応速度の継続的かつ正確な制御を可能にします.
  • このシステムのバッチ・フロー・リアクターでの適用性を示します.

主な方法:

  • 炭素マイクロファイバーとリドックスポリマーコーティングを使用したハイブリッドERHCシステムの製造.
  • マイケル反応を用いて,酸化還元状態に依存する運動学を研究する.
  • 電気化学的ポテンシャルを適用して,触媒の活性を調節する.
  • 流れ炉統合のためのCOMSOLシミュレーションを実行する.

主要な成果:

  • 電気化学的潜在力を適用した反応速度の継続的な変動が実証されている.
  • 反応速度のネルンシュタイン式による潜在力による依存を観測した.
  • バッチ型原子炉における反応物質濃度時間プロフィールの操作を披露した.
  • 流動炉における柔軟な空間と時間の制御をシミュレートした.

結論:

  • ERHCは,化学反応の正確な制御のための汎用的なプラットフォームを提供します.
  • このシステムは,触媒活動の継続的なチューニングを可能にします.
  • ERHCは,高度なプロセス制御のためのフローリアクターに容易に統合できます.