人間の腸内細菌 (Bacteroidetes) は,利己的なメカニズムを通して酵母マナンを利用することができます
Fiona Cuskin1,2, Elisabeth C Lowe1, Max J Temple1
1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
Nature
|January 9, 2015
まとめ
酵母アルファマンナンは,腸内細菌であるバクテロイドス (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) に栄養を与える. このバクテリアは,特定の酵素を用いて酵母グリケンを分解し,ヒトの腸内生態に影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- グライコバイオロジーは,
背景:
- 酵母アルファマンナンは,酵母細胞壁に含まれる複雑なポリサッカライドです.
- ヒトの腸内微生物群における酵母マンナンの役割は,ほとんど未知のままである.
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicronは,ヒトの腸に多く存在するグラム陰性細菌である.
研究 の 目的:
- 酵母アルファマンナンのヒト腸内細菌による利用を調査する.
- 酵母菌のマンナンの分解に含まれる代謝経路をバクテロイドス (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) によって解明する.
- 人間の微生物群における酵母マナン消費の生態学的影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- アルファマナン分解の生化学分析.
- バクテロイドス (Bacteroides) の標的型遺伝子の破壊. thetaiotaomicron.
- 腸内細菌との共同培養実験.
- 微生物種のゲノム比較 微生物種のゲノム比較
主要な成果:
- 酵母アルファマンナンは,バクテロイドス (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) の栄養源として機能する.
- アルファ-マンナンの分解のモデルは,初期表面割れと,その後,周辺プラズマ酵素によるマンノースの脱ポリメリゼーションを含む.
- B. thetaiotaomicronは酵母マナンに対して"利己的"な代謝戦略を示している.
- 成功した腸内微生物のサブセットは,ステリカルに阻害された酵母グリカンを代謝するために進化しました.
結論:
- バクテロイドス・テテオタオミクロンは酵母アルファマンナンを効率的に代謝することができます.
- 酵母糖類を消費する能力は,酵母を人間の食事に含めるための適応である可能性があります.
- この微生物の適応は,ヒトの腸の生態系の動態に影響を与えます.
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