卓越性に対する期待が,学術分野間のジェンダー分布の根底にある
Sarah-Jane Leslie1, Andrei Cimpian2, Meredith Meyer3
1Department of Philosophy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 2015
まとめ
ステレオタイプにより,生まれつきの才能を評価する分野では,女性は過小評価されています. この研究では,学者を対象に調査を行い,学術界におけるジェンダーと人種間の格差に関する分野特有の能力信念仮説を裏付けました.
科学分野:
- 社会科学 社会科学とは
- 学術研究 アカデミック・リサーチ
- 高等教育研究 高等教育研究
背景:
- ジェンダー格差は,学術界,特にSTEM分野では依然として存在しています.
- 女性の占有率は学科によって異なるが,ある科学ではより多く,人文科学ではより少なくなっている.
- 生まれつきの才能に関するステレオタイプは,過小評価に寄与する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 生まれつきの才能を強調する分野が女性やアフリカ系アメリカ人を抑えるという仮説を調査する.
- フィールド固有の能力信念仮説を,不足の代替説明に対してテストする.
主な方法:
- 学者の全国的な調査を実施しました.
- 異なる学問分野における成功のための天賦の才能の重要性に関する信念に関するデータを収集した.
- フィールド特有の能力信念仮説を支持または反証するために調査結果を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 調査結果は,フィールド固有の能力信念仮説を裏付けました.
- 純粋で生まれつきの才能を強調する分野では,女性やアフリカ系アメリカ人がより多く不足していることが示されました.
- この仮説は,競合する理論よりも格差をよく説明していた.
結論:
- 生まれつきの能力に関する信念は,学術界におけるジェンダーと人種的代表の不足と関連しています.
- 才能に基づくステレオタイプに挑戦することは,学術分野における多様性を向上させることができます.
- この発見は,高等教育における多様性および包摂のイニシアチブに意味を持ちます.
関連する概念動画
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
410
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
410
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
10.2K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
10.2K
02:19The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
9.0K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
9.0K
01:07Multiple Bar Graph
10.6K
As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can include as many parameters as possible. However, each parameter must have the same unit of measurement.
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
10.6K
02:12Relationship Formation
46.5K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
46.5K
01:28Conduct Disorder
970
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
970