局所的な免疫細胞分解活動に関連した腫瘍の分子および遺伝的特性
Michael S Rooney1, Sachet A Shukla2, Catherine J Wu3
1The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard/MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
Cell
|January 17, 2015
まとめ
腫瘍ゲノミクスは,免疫編集を通じて抗腫瘍免疫に影響を与えます. ベータ-2-マイクログローブリン (B2M) とHLA遺伝子の重要な変異は,PD-L1/2の増幅とともに,免疫攻撃に対する腫瘍耐性メカニズムを明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 腫瘍ゲノム変異と抗腫瘍免疫応答の相互作用は完全に理解されていません.
- この関係を調査することは,効果的ながん免疫療法の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 腫瘍ゲノム景観が,抗腫瘍免疫によってどのように形成され,どのように形成されるかを,体系的に探求すること.
- 免疫活動と抵抗機構に関連した遺伝的特徴を,様々な癌のタイプで特定する.
主な方法:
- 18種類の癌の固体腫瘍バイオプシーからの大規模ゲノムデータの分析.
- 局所的な免疫浸透細胞分解活性の定量化.
- ゲノム特性 (変異,増幅) と細胞分解活動との相関の特定.
主要な成果:
- 細胞分解活性は予測されたネオアンチゲンと相関しており,一部の腫瘍では予想より低いレベルで,免疫の脱出を示唆しています.
- 高細胞分解活性に関連する再発性突然変異遺伝子は,β-2-マイクログローブリン (B2M) とHLAクラスI遺伝子 (HLA-A, -B, -C),およびカスパース8 (CASP8) を含む.
- 高い細胞分解活性に関連した遺伝増幅は,PD-L1/2やALOX12B/15Bのような免疫抑制因子を含む.
結論:
- ゲノム変異は,腫瘍の免疫編集において重要な役割を果たします.
- 腫瘍は,抗原プレゼンテーションの障害 (B2M,HLA変異) やアポトーシスの阻害 (CASP8変異) などの戦略を用いて,免疫媒介による殺戮に抵抗する.
- 免疫抑制因子の増幅は,抗腫瘍免疫に対するもう一つの抵抗メカニズムを表しています.
関連する概念動画
Tumor Immunotherapy
2.6K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.6K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
8.5K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
8.5K
The Tumor Microenvironment
8.3K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
8.3K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
9.2K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.2K


