マノト洞窟 (イスラエル) のレヴァンティヌス頭蓋骨は,最初のヨーロッパ近代人類を予兆している
Israel Hershkovitz1, Ofer Marder2, Avner Ayalon3
11] The Dan David Laboratory for the Search and Study of Modern Humans, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel [2] The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Nature
|January 29, 2015
まとめ
イスラエル・マノト洞窟から発見された54.7年前の頭蓋骨の断片は,アフリカからユーラシアに広がった初期の現代人 (ホモ・サピエンス) を明らかにしています. この発見は,人間の進化とネアンデルタール人の相互作用に関する以前の理論に挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- 古人類学は,古人類学である.
- 人間の進化 人類の進化
- 考古学考古学とは
背景:
- ホモ・サピエンスがアフリカからユーラシアに広がったのは,人類の進化における重要な出来事である.
- 6万~4万年前の化石の証拠は稀で,初期の現代人の祖先はほとんど知られていません.
- この移住の理解は,現代の非アフリカ人集団の起源を追跡する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 初期の現代人の移住に光を当てた重要な化石の発見を記述する.
- マノト1のカルヴァリアの形態学的・時間学的側面を分析する.
- ネアンデルタール人との相互作用を含む,レヴァントとヨーロッパにおける人間の進化のモデルを再評価する.
主な方法:
- イスラエルのマノト洞窟で部分的な人間のカルヴァリアを発見し,発掘した.
- 化石の年齢を判定するためのウラン・ソリウム年代測定 (54.7 ± 5.5 kyr bp).
- マノト1のカルヴァリアと最近のアフリカと古代ユーラシアのホモ・サピエンスとネアンデルタール人の標本との形態学的比較分析.
主要な成果:
- マノ1号のカルヴァリアは54.7 ±5.5万年前と年代付けされています.
- 形態学的分析は,この標本が明らかに現代人であることを確認し,近年のアフリカの頭蓋骨と上古石器時代のヨーロッパの頭蓋骨に類似している.
- マノト1の頭蓋骨は,レヴァントで発見された他の初期の現代人とは異なる.
- この発見は,マノトの住民とヨーロッパの初期の植民者との間に密接な関係があることを示唆しています.
- 証拠は,中高古石器時代から上高古石器時代への移行期に南レバントで現代人とネアンデルタール人が同時に存在していたことを示しています.
結論:
- マノト1の化石は,近代人類がアフリカから早期に拡大した際の重要な洞察を提供している.
- マノトの集団は,後にヨーロッパに居住した主要な祖先集団を代表し,ネアンデルタール人の同化以前の可能性が高い.
- この発見は,ヨーロッパにおけるネアンデルタール人の同化に起因する解剖学的特徴は,以前のレバントの現代人集団から発祥した可能性があるという考えを裏付けている.
- マノト1号は,現代人とネアンデルタール人が南レヴァントで交配した頃の近くに共存していた証拠を提供する唯一の標本です.
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