ヒト腸内微生物群の種間で,広範囲にわたる菌株レベルのコピー番号の変動がある
Sharon Greenblum1, Rogan Carr1, Elhanan Borenstein2
1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Cell
|February 3, 2015
まとめ
人間の腸内細菌は,菌株間の遺伝子複製数の有意な変動を示し,微生物の機能と宿主の健康に影響を与えます. この研究は,メタゲノミクスデータを用いて,この種内多様性に関する臨床的に重要な洞察を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- バイオインフォマティックス
背景:
- 種内のバクテリア菌株は,遺伝子の含有量と複製数の点で異なることがあります.
- 現在の人間の微生物群の分析は,しばしば種内多様性を無視し,その機能的および健康上の影響の理解を制限しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内微生物群の種内複製数の変動に関する大規模な分析を行う.
- ショットガンメタゲノミクスデータから遺伝子コピー数変異を検出するための計算パイプラインを開発する.
- この変異の機能的および臨床的関連性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 種内複製数の変動を検出するための計算パイプラインの開発.
- 人間の腸内微生物群からのショットガンメタゲノミクスデータの分析.
- 種内構成プロファイルと集団構造の推論.
主要な成果:
- 多くの細菌種に相当数の変数遺伝子を特定した.
- 種内多様性の重要な機能的および臨床的に重要な影響の実証.
- 集団構造の変化や,種内の特徴のない変異の発見.
結論:
- 種内遺伝子複製数の変動は,腸内微生物群において流行しており,機能的に有意である.
- メタゲノミクス分析は,株レベルでの変化を明らかにし,種レベルでの特徴づけよりも深い洞察を提供します.
- 微生物群の組成と機能能力は,菌株レベルの遺伝的多様性によって影響を受け,複雑に結びついています.
関連する概念動画
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
19.4K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
19.4K
Evolution of Microbial Genome
65
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
65
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
112
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
112
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
20.3K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
20.3K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
873
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
873
Development of Human Microbiota
50
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
50


