海の汚染. 海の汚染. プラスチックの廃棄物が陸から海に流れ込む

Jenna R Jambeck¹, Roland Geyer², Chris Wilcox³

¹College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 412 Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA. jjambeck@uga.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 14, 2015

まとめ

毎年,数百万トンのプラスチック廃棄物が陸上から海に流れ込んでいます. 廃棄物管理の改善は,2025年までに海洋プラスチック汚染が10倍になるのを防ぐために極めて重要です.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
マリン・バイオロジーマリン・バイオロジー
廃棄物管理廃棄物管理について

背景:

海洋環境におけるプラスチック廃棄物は既知の問題ですが,陸上廃棄物の具体的な貢献は定量化されていないままです.
海洋プラスチック汚染の源を理解することは,効果的な緩和戦略の開発に不可欠です.

研究の目的:

海に流入する陸上プラスチック廃棄物の質量を推定する.
海洋生態系に流入するプラスチック廃棄物の量に影響を与える重要な要因を特定する.

主な方法:

固体廃棄物の発生,人口密度,経済状況に関する世界的なデータを活用した.
これらのデータセットをリンクして,2010年に192の沿岸国から海に流入する陸上プラスチック廃棄物の量を推定しました.

主要な成果:

2010年には,約2億7500万トン (MT) のプラスチック廃棄物が,192の沿岸国で発生したと推定されています.
このプラスチック廃棄物の480万トンから1270万トンが海に流入した.
人口の規模と廃棄物管理インフラストラクチャの質は,海洋プラスチック廃棄物への国の貢献を決定する主要な決定要因でした.

結論:

陸上のプラスチック廃棄物は,海洋環境に重大な脅威をもたらしています.
海洋プラスチック汚染の増大する問題を抑制するために,廃棄物管理インフラの緊急改善が必要である.
介入がなければ,陸上から海に流入するプラスチック廃棄物の量は2025年までに10倍に増加する可能性があります.

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