気候変動による沿岸上流の増強と空間的均質化
Daiwei Wang1, Tarik C Gouhier2, Bruce A Menge3
1Sustainability and Data Sciences Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|February 20, 2015
まとめ
漁業にとって不可欠な沿岸上流は,気候変動により高緯度で激化し,タイミングが変わります. 東部境界上流システム (EBUS) のこれらのシフトは,海洋生物多様性に影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 海洋生態学 海洋生態学とは
背景:
- 沿岸の上流は,栄養素に富んだ深い水域を表面に運び,海洋生産性と漁業を助長する.
- 気候変動が沿岸上流に及ぼす影響を理解することは,将来の生態系の健康と漁業の持続可能性を予測するために不可欠です.
- 以前の研究では,温暖化が海岸上流の強度とタイミングにどのように影響するかに関するコンセンサスがほとんどなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 将来の気候温暖化の下で,東部境界上流システム (EBUSs) の沿岸上流のタイミング,強度,および空間的なパターンの予測された変化を調査する.
- 異なるEBUSにおけるこれらの変化の一貫性を評価し,潜在的な地域差異を特定する.
主な方法:
- 将来の気候シナリオをシミュレートするために,気候モデルのアンサンブルを使用しました.
- 主要なEBUSにおける風力による沿岸上流の予測変化を分析した.
- カナリア,ベンゲラ,ハンボルト,カリフォルニアのEBUSのモデル出力を比較した.
主要な成果:
- 21世紀末までに,上流期の早期開始と遅い終了が予測されています.
- 高緯度では上昇強度と持続時間の増加が予想されるが,低緯度ではそうではない.
- カナリア,ベンゲーラ,およびハンボルトのEBUSで一貫したパターンが観察され,カリフォルニアのEBUSで顕著な不確実性と強化の欠如があります.
結論:
- 将来の気候の温暖化は,ほとんどのEBUSで,特に高緯度で,沿岸の上昇動態を大幅に変化させるでしょう.
- アップウェリングの強度と持続時間における緯度変動の減少が予想されます.
- アップウェリングの予測された変化は,海洋生物多様性分布のシフトにつながる可能性があり,カリフォルニアのEBUSはユニークな地域反応を示しています.
さらに関連する動画
08:15Author Spotlight: Unveiling Plankton Response to Climate Change Through Time-Series Data and Artistic Expression
Published on: July 28, 2023
2.0K
05:58Author Spotlight: Advancing Coral Culture - Creating a Semi-Quantitatively Controlled Microenvironment System to Counter Current Limitations
Published on: July 21, 2023
2.8K
関連する概念動画
01:50Global Climate Change
29.9K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.9K
01:30Marine Microbial Ecology
53
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
53
01:22Effect of Sea Water on Concrete
1.3K
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
1.3K
01:06Primary Production
26.1K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
26.1K
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
65
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
65
01:18Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
46
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
46