関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 25, 2026

05:17
Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
Published on: November 11, 2014
新生児および小児重症病棟における薬物誤用
T N Raju1, S Kecskes, J P Thornton
1Division of Neonatology, University of Illinois Hospital, College of Medicine, Chicago.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 12, 1989
まとめ
新生児および小児重症病棟では14.7%の割合で薬剤の誤用が起き,入院の3.1%で患者の怪我につながりました. 継続的なモニタリングは,これらの陽性の合併症を予防するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 小児重症病棟医療 幼児重症病棟医療
- 医薬品の安全性 医薬品の安全性について
- 医療における品質保証について
背景:
- イアトロゲン薬の誤用は,新生児および小児重症病棟 (NICU/PICU) で重大なリスクをもたらします.
- これらのエラーの頻度と影響を理解することは,患者の安全にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- NICU/PICUにおけるイアトロゲンな薬剤投与誤差の発生率と重症度を定量化する.
- これらの薬剤の誤りによる患者の怪我の割合を評価する.
- このようなエラーを特定し,防止するために,縦方向モニタリングシステムの有用性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 4年間の将来性品質保証研究が行われました.
- 2147人の新生児および小児重症病棟入院者のデータを収集した.
- 報告されたすべてのイアトロゲン薬の誤用および関連する患者の怪我は文書化されました.
主要な成果:
- 合計315件のイアトロゲン薬誤差が報告され,誤差率は14.7% (入院6.8人に1人) であった.
- イアトロゲンによる傷害は,入院の3.1% (66/2147) で発生し,入院33例につき1件の傷害が発生しました.
- 潜在的に重大な誤差は10.5% (33/315) であり,軽度の怪我は10.2% (32/315) であった. 1例は,10倍の過剰摂取による急性アミノフィリン中毒でした.
結論:
- イアトロゲン薬の誤用は,NICU/PICUで一般的であり,患者にとって重大な害をもたらす可能性があります.
- 縦断的なモニタリングシステムは,イアトロゲン性の合併症を特定し,予防戦略に情報を提供するために価値があります.
- 堅実な品質保証措置の実施は,小児重症治療における医薬品の安全性の向上に不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Guidelines for Nursing Documentation I
Quality documentation and reporting share essential characteristics that ensure they are practical and valuable resources for those who use them. These characteristics are:
Factual:
The following points emphasize the significance of upholding accurate and unbiased documentation in healthcare.
Factual:
The following points emphasize the significance of upholding accurate and unbiased documentation in healthcare.
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

