銀河の進化 銀河の進化 銀河の進化 ブラックホールのフィードバックは,光るクワザール PDS 456 にある
E Nardini1, J N Reeves2, J Gofford2
1Astrophysics Group, School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK. e.nardini@keele.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 21, 2015
まとめ
クワザールPDS 456から離子化されたガスの持続的な相対論的流出が検出されました. この強力な風は,超大質量ブラックホールと銀河の共進化のメカニズムを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 天体物理学 天体物理学
- 宇宙進化の宇宙進化について
- ブラックホール物理学 ブラックホール物理学
背景:
- 銀河の進化は,超大質量ブラックホール (SMBHs) の成長と密接に関連しています.
- クワザール相の間,SMBHは莫大なエネルギーを放出し,放射線駆動の風を通じて宿主銀河に影響を与えます.
研究 の 目的:
- SMBHと宿主銀河の共同進化を推進する物理的プロセスを調査する.
- 発光クワザールからの流出を検知し,特徴づけること.
主な方法:
- 五つの異なる時代における明るいクワザール PDS 456 のブロードバンドX線スペクトルの分析.
- 高イオン化ガスの流出を示すスペクトルシグネチャの識別.
主要な成果:
- 高度にイオン化されたガスの持続的,ほぼ球形の流出の検出.
- 流出は,相対的な速度で,蓄積円盤から放出されます.
- アウトフローの運動力は1秒あたり10~46 ergsを超え,重要なフィードバックポテンシャルを示している.
結論:
- 観測されたアウトフローは,クワザールにおける効果的なフィードバックメカニズムに対する強力な証拠を提供します.
- この発見は,SMBHと宿主銀河の共同進化のモデルを裏付けている.
- 流出の広い開口は,周囲の銀河環境との効率的な結合を示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
01:10Detection of Black Holes
2.6K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.6K
01:21Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon
2.8K
No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
2.8K
01:12Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy
3.6K
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
3.6K
01:05Doppler Effect - II
4.9K
The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
4.9K
01:24Effects of feedback
1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K
01:14Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses
1.4K
The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
1.4K