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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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高解像度の系統追跡を用いた定量的進化力学.

Sasha F Levy1, Jamie R Blundell2, Sandeep Venkataram3

  • 11] Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA [2] Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5252, USA [3] Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA.

Nature
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

大規模な無性集団の進化の動態は,しばしば隠されているが,高解像度の系統追跡を用いて明らかにされた. 早期の適応は再現可能ですが,後期の段階では,突然変異の影響により,変化が見られます.

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Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools
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Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools
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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • 微生物遺伝学 微生物遺伝学
  • 人口の動態

背景:

  • 無性細胞集団の進化は,世界的な死亡率に大きく貢献しています.
  • 競合する有益な系統のダイナミクスを理解することは,極めて重要ですが,挑戦的です.
  • 低周波の進化の隠れた軌道は,現在の知識を制限している.

研究 の 目的:

  • 超高解像度の系統追跡システムを開発し,利用する.
  • 有益な突然変異のフィットネス効果のスペクトルを調査する.
  • 無性集団における早期適応のダイナミクスを解明する.

主な方法:

  • シーケンシングベースの超高解像度の系統追跡システムを構築しました.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiaeで約50万の系統の相対的な頻度を同時に監視した.
  • 有益な突然変異のフィットネス効果のスペクトルを分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 有益な突然変異の適性効果のスペクトルは指数関数的でも単調でもありません.
  • 初期適応は予測可能であり,初期小効果の突然変異によって引き起こされ,再現可能である.
  • 希少で大きな影響を持つ突然変異は,最初の突然変異を上回り,複製物間の多様性につながります.

結論:

  • 初期の進化のダイナミクスは決定論的かもしれない.
  • ストキャスティック効果は,適応が進むにつれて重要になります.
  • 高解像度の系統追跡は,複雑な進化の軌道を明らかにする.