ベースガンリアから前頭皮質への直接的なGABAergic出力です

Arpiar Saunders¹, Ian A Oldenburg¹, Vladimir K Berezovskii¹

¹Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature

|March 6, 2015

まとめ

研究者らは,基礎膠質からの直接的な経路を発見しました.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
神経生物学神経生物学とは

背景:

ベースガンリアは,運動制御と報酬学習に不可欠です.
既存のモデルは,タラミック経路経由で脳皮質の間接的な調節を示唆しています.
線状投射ニューロン (dSPNとiSPN) からの直接的および間接的な経路は,基礎ギャングリアの出力を制御します.

研究の目的:

前述されていない,外側球体 (globus pallidus externus,GP) から前頭皮質 (frontal cortex,FC) への直接投影を調査する.
GP-FCプロジェクションに含まれる細胞タイプと神経伝達物質システムを特徴付ける.
この経路が前頭皮質の活動を調節する役割を解明する.

主な方法:

GP-FC投射ニューロンタイプを区別するための電気生理学的記録.
コリンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ (ChAT) 発現分析.
前頭皮質の活性化と神経伝達物質の放出を評価するためのインビボ試験.
経路調節におけるドーパミンD2受容体のシグナル伝達に関する研究.

主要な成果:

globus pallidus externus (GP) から前頭皮質 (FC) への直接投影が特定されました.
GP-FCプロジェクション内の2つの異なる細胞タイプが特徴付けられ,どちらもGABAを放出しています.
ChAT(+) 細胞はまたアセチルコリンを放出し,双重神経伝達物質の役割を示唆しています.
このGP-FC経路は,線状のdSPNとiSPNによって直接制御され,前頭皮質を活性化します.
GP-FC細胞のストレイタルiSPN阻害は,ドーパミンD2受容体のシグナル伝達によって調節される.

結論:

GP-FC投影は,前頭皮質に影響を与える,ストレイタム制御された直接的な経路を表しています.
この経路は,GABAergicとcholinergicの両方のシグナリングを使用します.
ドーパミン受容体のシグナル伝達は,神経精神疾患に関連したベースガングリア経由で前頭皮質の活動を調節するメカニズムを提供します.

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