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関連する概念動画

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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マイクロRNAのプライマリトランスクリプトは,調節性ペプチドをコードする.

Dominique Lauressergues1, Jean-Malo Couzigou1, Hélène San Clemente1

  • 11] Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR5546, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.

Nature
|March 26, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

植物原発マイクロRNA (プリ-ミRNA) は,成熟したミRNAの蓄積を促進し,根の発達を調節する小さなペプチド (miPEP) をコードする. これらのmiPEPは,植物の成長を制御するための農学的な応用を提供することができる.

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 植物科学 植物科学について
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • マイクロRNA (miRNA) は遺伝子発現の重要な調節体であり,典型的には転写後の作用をします.
  • より大きなプライマリ miRNA トランスクリプト (プリ-miRNAs) の機能は,ほとんど未知のままです.
  • 植物性プリミRNAは成熟したミRNAに加工されていることが知られていますが,その完全な機能能力は調査中です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 成熟したミRNAの前駆体としての役割を超えて,植物プリミRNAの機能的役割を調査する.
  • プリミRNA配列内の新しい規制要素を特定する.
  • 農業の応用におけるこれらの要素の潜在能力を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 植物プリミRNA配列内の開いた読み取りフレームの識別と特徴付け.
  • 特定されたペプチド (miPEPs) の合成と植物モデル (Medicago truncatula,Arabidopsis thaliana) に適用.
  • 成熟したミRNAとプリミRNAのレベル,遺伝子発現,根の発達フェノタイプの定量分析.

主要な成果:

  • 植物プリミRNAには,調節性ペプチドをコードする短い開いた読み取りフレームが含まれており,これはmiPEPと呼ばれます.
  • miPEP171bとmiPEP165aは,プリミRNAの転写を増加させることで,対応する成熟したmiRNAの蓄積を高めます.
  • 合成miPEPsの適用は,根の発達を変化させ,その生物学的活性と農学的な使用の可能性を示しています.

結論:

  • 植物プリミRNAは,miRNAの生殖と遺伝子発現を調節する機能性ペプチド (miPEPs) をコードすることができます.
  • miPEPは植物における新たな遺伝子調節層を代表し,潜在的に発達に影響を与える可能性があります.
  • miPEPの発見は,作物改良と農業バイオテクノロジーにおける新しい戦略の道を開く.