渦巻きによる潜水は,春の花から有機炭素の微粒子を排出する
Melissa M Omand1, Eric A D'Asaro2, Craig M Lee2
1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 28, 2015
まとめ
海の渦は,深海に微粒子の有機炭素 (POC) を運ぶことができ,従来の沈没モデルに挑戦します. この渦巻きによる流動は,海洋の重要な,しかし見過ごされている構成要素です.
科学分野:
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- マリン・バイオジオケミストリー
- 物理海洋学 物理海洋学
背景:
- オーガニックカーボン粒子 (POC) の海底への輸出は,生物学的炭素ポンプにとって極めて重要です.
- 伝統的に,POCの輸出は粒子の被動沈没にのみ起因する.
研究 の 目的:
- POCの垂直輸送におけるダイナミックな海流,特に渦の役割を調査する.
- 北大西洋の全体的な炭素輸出に,渦巻き駆動のPOC輸送の寄与を定量化するために.
主な方法:
- 北大西洋の春の花期における自律型グライダーによる観測を活用した.
- エディダイナミクスとPOC輸送をシミュレートするために高解像度の海洋学モデリングを採用しました.
- POC,クロロフィル,酸素,そして様々な深さの温度-塩分を含む水の性質を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 100~350メートルの深さで,地表水の特徴 (POC,クロロフィル,酸素の上昇) を有する異常な特徴が観察されました.
- モデル化されたPOCに富んだ地表水は,渦の周回線に沿って一貫した,繊維状の特徴で下降します.
- 重要な輸出経路として,亜メソスケール渦巻き駆動のPOC流動を特定しました.
結論:
- ダイナミックな渦の場は,沈まないPOCを含む地表水を中程度の深さまで積極的に潜水させます.
- 渦巻きによるPOCの流れは,生産性の高い亜極海における春のPOCの総輸出の半分までを占める可能性があります.
- 現在の世界的な炭素循環モデルでは,未解決の渦巻き駆動輸送メカニズムにより,POCの輸出を過小評価している可能性があります.
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