土地利用が地元の陸上の生物多様性に及ぼす全体的な影響
Tim Newbold1, Lawrence N Hudson2, Samantha L L Hill3
11] United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. [2] Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, 21 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK.
Nature
|April 3, 2015
まとめ
人間の活動により,地域の生物多様性が大幅に失われ,種の豊かさと豊富さが減少しています. 生物多様性のさらなる減少を防止し,地球規模で生物多様性の回復を促進するために,緊急の緩和努力が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 人間の活動,特に生息地の転換と劣化は,地球規模の生物多様性の減少の主な原動力である.
- これらの圧力に対するローカルエコアセンブラージの反応を理解することは,生態系の機能とサービスにとって極めて重要です.
- 以前の評価では,地元の生物多様性への影響に関する包括的な地理的および分類的範囲が欠けていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 土地利用と関連する環境変化に対する地元の生物多様性の反応を定量化する.
- これらのプレッシャーが種の豊かさや豊富さに与える世界的な影響を評価する.
- 異なる土地利用シナリオの下での将来の生物多様性変化を予測する.
主な方法:
- 広範な地理的および分類学的カバーを持つ大規模な陸上の集合データベースの分析.
- サンプル内の種豊かさ,総豊富さ,希少化に基づく豊かさの変化の定量化.
- 土地利用シナリオに基づく将来の生物多様性傾向のモデリング.
主要な成果:
- 最も悪影響を受けた生息地では,種の豊かさでは76.5%,豊富さでは39.5%,希少性に基づく豊かさでは40.3%という急激な減少が見られます.
- 世界的に見ると,平均サンプル内富は13.6%,富は10.7%,稀化による富は8.1%減少した.
- 予測によると,通常のビジネスシナリオの下では,サンプル内の富が2100年までにさらに3.4%減少し,生物多様性や低所得国に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼします.
結論:
- 土地利用の変化は,すでに,地域的にも世界的にも,生物多様性の大幅な減少を引き起こしています.
- 将来の生物多様性の損失は,特に脆弱な地域では,重大な緩和措置を講じなければ,深刻なものになると予測されています.
- 強固な緩和戦略は,生物多様性のポジティブな変化につながり,社会的経済的地位にあまり依存しない利益をもたらすことができます.
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