気候変動と永久凍土の炭素フィードバック
E A G Schuur1, A D McGuire2, C Schädel1
11] Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA [2] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
Nature
|April 10, 2015
まとめ
北極の永久凍土が温暖化すると,二酸化炭素やメタンなどの温室効果ガスが徐々に放出されます. これらの永久凍土の炭素動態が気候変動に与える影響を完全に理解するためには,さらなる研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 土壌科学は,土壌科学である.
背景:
- 北極と亜北極地域では,永久凍土に膨大な量の有機炭素を貯蔵しています.
- 気候変動は,この有機炭素の微生物分解を加速させる可能性があります.
- この分解により温室効果ガスが放出され,気候変動を悪化させる潜在的ポジティブなフィードバックループが生まれます.
研究 の 目的:
- 永久凍土の解凍による温室効果ガス排出の動態を調査する.
- 永久凍土からの炭素の放出が将来の気候変動に及ぼす潜在的な影響を評価する.
- 永久凍土の炭素ダイナミクスの理解が乏しい側面を理解するための研究戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 永久凍土の炭素排出量に関する現在の科学的証拠のレビューと合成.
- 溶解土壌における有機炭素の微生物分解に影響を与える要因の分析.
- 永久凍土の炭素-気候フィードバックにおける主要な不確実性の特定.
主要な成果:
- 現在の証拠は,永久凍土の温暖化によって温室効果ガスが徐々に長期にわたって放出されていることを示している.
- これらの排出量の規模とタイミングは依然として不確実である.
- 永久凍土の炭素ダイナミクスを支配する複雑なプロセスに関して,重要な知識のギャップが存在します.
結論:
- 永久凍土の融解は,持続的な温室効果ガスの排出によって気候変動に寄与すると予想されています.
- パーマフロストの炭素フィードバックの予測を洗練するために,標的を絞った研究は極めて重要です.
- これらのダイナミクスを理解することは,正確な気候モデリングと緩和戦略にとって不可欠です.
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