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関連する概念動画

The Fossil Record02:56

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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Marine Microbial Ecology01:30

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Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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海洋酸性化とパーモ・トライアスの大量絶滅

M O Clarkson1, S A Kasemann2, R A Wood3

  • 1School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK. matthew.clarkson@otago.ac.nz.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

シベリアのトラップス火山の噴火による海洋酸性化が,ペルミアン・トライアスの大量絶滅の原因になった可能性が高い. 新しい研究では,第2次絶滅パルス中にpHが急速に低下し,海洋生物に影響を及ぼしたことが明らかになりました.

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科学分野:

  • 古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは,古代気候学 (paleoclimatology) とは
  • 海洋地化学は海洋地化学である.
  • 大量絶滅の出来事は,大量絶滅の出来事です.

背景:

  • ペルミアン・トライアスク境界の大量絶滅は,地球の歴史における主要な出来事です.
  • シベリアのトラップス火山の噴火は,おそらく海洋酸性化による誘発要因であると疑われています.
  • この酸化現象の直接的な証拠はほとんどありません.

研究 の 目的:

  • ペルミアン-トライアスク境界を越えた海水の高解像度のpH記録を再構築する.
  • 大量絶滅における海洋酸化の役割を調査する.
  • 炭素注入の出来事を海洋化学の変化と結びつけるため.

主な方法:

  • 海洋アーカイブからのボロン同位体データを活用した.
  • 地化学データを解釈するために定量モデリングのアプローチを使用しました.
  • 関連した地化学的発見と古気候と絶滅の出来事のタイムライン.

主要な成果:

  • 最新のペルミア紀は,海洋の度が高く,大気中のCO2が低いことを示した.
  • 最初の絶滅段階は,ゆっくりとした炭素注入にもかかわらず,安定した海洋pHと一致しました.
  • 第2次絶滅パルスにおける急速で大規模な炭素注入が,海洋の急激な酸化を引き起こした.

結論:

  • シベリアのトラップス火山からの急速な炭素の放出によって引き起こされた海洋酸化は,ペルミアン-トライアスクの大量絶滅の重要なメカニズムでした.
  • 濃厚に化した海洋生物は,特にpH値の低下に脆弱でした.
  • この研究は,この絶滅の際に酸化が起きたという直接的な地化学的証拠を提供している.