クローン癌細胞の水平伝播は,軟殻貝貝の白血病を引き起こす
Michael J Metzger1, Carol Reinisch2, James Sherry2
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Cell
|April 11, 2015
まとめ
海洋双valveの個体数は,白血病のような癌のために減少しています. 研究者らは,これらのがんが伝染性細胞としてクラゲの間に広がっていることを発見し,自然界における疾患伝染の新たな理解を示唆しました.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
- がん研究 がん研究
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 世界中の海洋生物は,致命的な白血病のような癌の流行を経験しています.
- これらのアウトブレイクは,商業的に,そして生態学的に重要な種の有意な人口減少を引き起こした.
- これらのバイバルがんの病原体と伝播メカニズムはまだ不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋双弁生物における白血病のような癌の原因と伝播を調査する.
- 軟殻貝 (Mya arenaria) の腫瘍細胞の遺伝的特徴を特定する.
- がんが宿主動物に由来するか,または外部から得られたかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ネオプラスティック細胞におけるレトロトランポゾン・ステーマー発現と増幅の分析.
- 宿主動物のDNAゲノタイプと,ミトコンドリアDNA単核酸多形態 (SNP) とマイクロサテライトアレルを用いた腫瘍細胞ゲノタイプの比較.
- 異なる地理的場所における軟殻貝貝から生じる腫瘍細胞の遺伝子型決定.
主要な成果:
- レトロトランポゾン・ステーマーが高度に発現し,腫瘍細胞で増幅された.
- ネオプラスティック細胞のゲノタイプは,宿主動物のゲノタイプと一貫して異なっていた.
- 地理的に分散したクラゲの新形成細胞は,宿主と異なるほぼ同一の遺伝子型を示した.
結論:
- 軟殻貝の白血病のような癌は,宿主由来腫瘍ではなく,伝染性がん細胞によって引き起こされます.
- 癌細胞は,単一の源から発生し,海洋環境における個々の貝間で広がります.
- この研究は,海洋野生生物の病気における重要な要因として,癌の水平伝播の証拠を提供し,以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
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