腸内微生物群の原産細菌は,宿主セロトニンの生合成を調節する.
Jessica M Yano1, Kristie Yu1, Gregory P Donaldson1
1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Cell
|April 11, 2015
まとめ
腸内微生物,特に胞子形成細菌は,消化管内のセロトニン (5-ヒドロキシトリプタミン,5-HT) 産生を調節する. この相互作用は,腸の運動性と血小板機能を含む宿主の生理学に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
- 生理学 生理学とは
背景:
- 消化器系は,体のセロトニン (5-ヒドロキシトリプトミン,5-HT) の有意な部分を宿している.
- 腸由来の5-HTの代謝を制御するメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
- 宿主5-HTの調節における腸内微生物群の役割は,依然として活発な調査分野である.
研究 の 目的:
- ホストセロトニン (5-HT) の代謝を調節する腸内微生物群の役割を調査する.
- 胃腸道における5HTのバイオシンセシスに影響を与える特定の微生物要因を特定する.
- 微生物群に依存する5-HT調節の生理学的影響を理解するために.
主な方法:
- ネズミとヒトの微生物群からの原産の胞子形成細菌 (Sp) の役割を調査した.
- 微生物刺激に対する反応として,大腸内クロマフィン細胞 (ECs) から 5-HTの生物合成を評価した.
- 分析された糞便の代謝産物とその5-HT濃度に対する効果を in vitro および 細菌のないマウスで調べました.
- 微生物群に依存する5-HTが胃腸の運動性と血小板機能に与える影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 胞子形成細菌 (Sp) は,大腸内クロマフィン細胞 (ECs) から 5-HTのバイオシンセシスを促進することが判明しました.
- 腸内5-HTに対する微生物群に依存した効果は,宿主生理に著しく影響し,GI運動性と血小板機能を調節することが示されました.
- Spで増加した特定の糞便代謝産物が,クロマフィン細胞培養で5-HTを上昇させ,ECへの直接的な微生物シグナル伝達を示すことが確認されました.
- 特定の微生物代謝産物のルミナル濃度の上昇は,細菌のないマウスの腸内および血液の5-HTを増加させた.
結論:
- 胞子形成細菌は,腸内の宿主セロトニン (5-HT) の代謝の重要な調節体である.
- ホスト-微生物群の相互作用は,5-HTを含む生物学的プロセスを調節する上で基本的な役割を果たします.
- 微生物の代謝物は,エンテロクロマフィン細胞に直接信号を送り,全身の5-HTレベルと宿主の生理に影響を与えます.
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