屈曲グラディエント:腸の幹細胞がどうやって自分の居場所を得るのか
Amy E Shyer1, Tyler R Huycke1, ChangHee Lee1
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|April 14, 2015
まとめ
胚の発達の間,機械的な力が腸の幹細胞を根元へと導く. エピテリウムとメゼンキームの間の相互信号は,この重要な幹細胞の局所化をオーケストラ化します.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学とは
- 胃腸の生理学 胃腸の生理学
背景:
- 成人腸内幹細胞 (ISC) は,腸内ホメオスタシスと再生に不可欠です.
- 腸内密室内のISCの局所化は,その機能に不可欠である.
- ISCのポジショニングを駆動する胚性メカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 胚の発達中の成人腸幹細胞 (ISC) の局所化のメカニズムを解明する.
- ISCのポジショニングにおける機械的力および上皮質-メゼンキマシグナル伝達の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- チークとマウスの胚性腸発達の比較分析.
- プロジェニター細胞の分布とISCマーカー発現の調査.
- 機械的に影響されるシグナル伝達経路 (Shh,Bmp4) とその遺伝子発現への影響の検討.
主要な成果:
- 最初,ISCの祖先は,発達中の腸内皮質に均等に分布しています.
- 毛穴の形成は,毛穴のベースに推定幹細胞の制限につながります.
- 機械的な力は,の先端に表皮信号 (Shh) を誘導し,ISCの局所化を制限するためにフィードバックするメゼンキマの"群"シグナルセンター (Bmp4) を作成します.
結論:
- 機械的な力と相互の表皮細胞-メゼンキマ信号伝達は,胚のISCの局所化の重要な原動力である.
- 物理的な力とシグナル伝達経路の相互作用により,ISCは,将来の腸機能のために,の基礎に正確に位置づけられます.
さらに関連する動画
07:42Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses
Published on: July 13, 2016
74.5K
10:57Isolating Intestinal Stem Cells from Adult Drosophila Midguts by FACS to Study Stem Cell Behavior During Aging
Published on: December 16, 2014
21.3K
関連する概念動画
01:23Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
3.7K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.7K
01:12Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K
01:22Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.8K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.8K
01:33Adult Stem Cells
34.5K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
34.5K
01:15Mechanisms of Membrane-bending
3.7K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
3.7K
01:06Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell
4.4K
A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
4.4K