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衛生補助金. 衛生補助金. 発展途上国における衛生投資を奨励する:クラスターランダム化試験
Raymond Guiteras1, James Levinsohn2, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak3
1Department of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 18, 2015
まとめ
補助金は,バングラデシュの農村部で衛生的なトイレの所有を大幅に増加させ,政策介入の成功を示した. この発見は,財政的インセンティブが衛生面の改善と露天排便の減少に与える影響を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 開発経済学 開発経済学
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
背景:
- 衛生状態の不良は,世界的に,特に発展途上国において,病気と死の原因の主な要因である.
- 衛生施設の普及を向上させるための効果的な政策は,依然として議論の対象となっている.
- 異なる介入の影響を理解することは,公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 衛生的なトイレへの投資を増やすための様々な政策介入の効果を評価する.
- 地域社会の動機付け,情報,補助金,供給サイドの介入が衛生面に与える影響を比較する.
- バングラデシュの農村部におけるこれらの政策の影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- バングラデシュの農村部の380のコミュニティを対象としたクラスターランダム化試験.
- 介入には,コミュニティの動機付けと情報提供,補助金,供給サイドの市場アクセスアプローチが含まれていました.
- 比較のために,対照群は介入を受けなかった.
主要な成果:
- コミュニティの動機付けと供給サイドの介入は,衛生的なトイレ所有者の有意な増加を示さなかった.
- 補助金は,対象となる世帯 (+22.0 pp) とその隣人 (+8.5 pp) の所有権の大幅な増加につながった.
- 補助金により,露天での排便が14パーセントポイント減少した.
結論:
- 財政補助金は,衛生的なトイレの所有率を増やすための非常に効果的な政策です.
- 衛生設備投資の決定は,ソーシャルネットワークによって影響を受け,隣人へのプラスの転移効果があるようです.
- ターゲットを絞った補助金は,衛生と公衆衛生の成果を改善するための有望な戦略です.
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