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月面の形成. 月面の形成. 月形成の衝突イベントと小惑星隕石との出会い
W F Bottke1, D Vokrouhlický2, S Marchi3
1Southwest Research Institute and NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI)-Institute for the Science of Exploration Targets (ISET), Boulder, CO, USA. bottke@boulder.swri.edu.
まとめ
月が形成された巨大な衝突は,小惑星を熱した破片を放出し,隕石にサインを残しました. この研究は,月がおよそ447億年前に形成されたことを確認しています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 宇宙化学 (コスモケミストリー)
- インパクトクラテリング (インパクトクラテリング)
背景:
- 月形成の巨大衝突は,太陽系内部の最近の最大の衝突でした.
- このイベントは,地球・月系からかなりの質量を放出しました.
- 小惑星の衝突は,惑星の進化と物質の処理を理解するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 月を形成した巨大衝突からの放出物の運命を調査するために.
- これらのエジェクトがメインベルトの小惑星を著しく加熱した可能性があるかどうかを判断するために.
- 隕石の証拠を用いて月の形成のタイムラインを精査する.
主な方法:
- メインベルトの小惑星に高速度 (>10 km/s) で衝突した,キロメートルの大きさの噴出物による衝突をモデル化.
- これらの高速衝突による加熱効果を典型的なメインベルト衝突 (~5 km/s) と比較する.
- 衝撃の加熱シグネチャーの時間的な進化を分析し,古代の石質隕石に適合させる.
主要な成果:
- 巨大衝突で小惑星に衝突したエジェクタは,典型的な小惑星の衝突よりも約1000倍の熱した物質を生成しました.
- これらの衝撃は,標的小惑星の岩を熱し,脱ガスするのに十分でした.
- モデリング結果は,石の隕石で見つかった古代の衝撃加熱シグネチャーと一致しています.
結論:
- 月形成の衝撃からの破片は,おそらく,メインベルトの小惑星と衝突し,加熱した.
- この研究は,月が形成された推定年齢が約447億年前であることを裏付けている.
- これは,巨大な衝突の出来事と観測可能な隕石の特徴の間のリンクを提供します.
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