植物生態系 植物生態系 植物生態系 植物生態系 人為的な環境の変化は,生物多様性を通じて生態系の安定性に影響を及ぼします
Yann Hautier1, David Tilman2, Forest Isbell3
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. yann.hautier@plants.ox.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 18, 2015
まとめ
環境の変化は,生態系の生産性と安定性に影響を与えます. 生物多様性の損失は,原因に関係なく,生態系の安定性を著しく低下させ,生物多様性が回復力の鍵であることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 生物多様性研究 生物多様性研究
背景:
- 人間の活動は地球の生態系を変化させ,生物多様性,生産性,安定性に影響を及ぼしています.
- これらの生態系特性と環境要因の間の因果関係は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 人為的な環境変化,生物多様性,生態系の生産性,安定性との関係を調査する.
- どの環境要因が生態系の安定性に最も大きな影響を与えるかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 12の多年にわたる実験から得られたデータを分析し,人為的な要因 (植物多様性,窒素,CO2,火,草食動物,水など) を操作した.
- 生態系の生産性に対する各ドライバーの影響を評価する.
- ドライバーの生物多様性への影響と,その後の生態系の生産性の安定性への影響を定量化する.
主要な成果:
- テストされたすべてのドライバーは,生態系の生産性に影響を与えました.
- 生物多様性を変えた要因だけが,生態系の生産性の安定に影響を与えた.
- 植物種の豊かさの減少は,生物多様性の損失を引き起こす要因に関係なく,生態系の安定性の一貫した減少につながった.
結論:
- 生物多様性は,生態系の安定を維持する上で重要な要因です.
- 環境要因によって引き起こされる生物多様性の変化は,生態系が地球規模の変化にどのように反応するかに大きな役割を果たします.
- これらの生物多様性と安定性のつながりを理解することは,生態系の回復力を予測するために極めて重要です.
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