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呼吸を差異的に制御するヴァガル感覚神経のサブタイプ
Rui B Chang1, David E Strochlic1, Erika K Williams1
1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|April 21, 2015
まとめ
研究者らは,呼吸を制御するマウスの2つの異なる迷走神経ニューロン群を発見した. 一組 (P2ry1) は呼吸を止め,もう一組 (Npy2r) は急速で浅い呼吸を引き起こし,呼吸のための特定の神経経路を明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 呼吸器生理学 呼吸器生理学とは
- 自律神経系の研究
背景:
- 呼吸は生存に不可欠であり,神経回路によって正確に調節されます.
- 迷走神経は,呼吸制御のための肺と脳との間の重要なコミュニケーション経路です.
研究 の 目的:
- 呼吸機能に影響を与えるマウスの迷走神経内の異なるニューロン集団を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 解剖学的つながりや,これらの特定されたヴァガルアファレントニューロンの生理学的役割を解明する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝的に誘導された解剖学的マッピングを用いて,マウスにおけるヴァガルアファレントのプロジェクションを追跡した.
- 特定のニューロン集団 (P2ry1とNpy2r) を刺激し,呼吸への影響を観察するために,光遺伝学を使用しました.
- 繊維伝導速度 (A繊維 vs. C繊維) と細胞標的に基づいて異なるニューロンのサブタイプ.
主要な成果:
- P2ry1 (主に高速伝導のA繊維) とNpy2r (主に遅い伝導のC繊維) の2つの異なるヴァーガルアファレント集団を特定しました.
- P2ry1ニューロンは肺内分泌細胞を刺激し,その刺激が急激に呼吸を静止させ,吐出停止を引き起こします.
- Npy2rニューロンの刺激により,迅速で浅い呼吸が起こりますが,心臓の鼓動や胃圧に影響はありません.
結論:
- 迷走神経は,遺伝的に定義され,交絡した感覚ニューロンで構成され,呼吸制御のための明確なラベル付きのラインとして機能します.
- これらのニューロンの集団は,独特の解剖学的標的を有し,呼吸に相反する生理学的効果を発揮します.
- この発見は,特定の管経路経由による呼吸の神経調節の洗練された理解を提供します.
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