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培養されたヒト腸内幹細胞における連続的な癌変異
Jarno Drost1, Richard H van Jaarsveld2, Bas Ponsioen2
11] Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nature
|April 30, 2015
まとめ
ヒトの腸内幹細胞は,大腸がんの発達を研究するために遺伝子組み換えられました. 主要ながん遺伝子 (APC,P53,KRAS,SMAD4) の変異により,オルガノイドが生まれ,マウスの侵入性腫瘍を形成し,がんの進行に関する洞察を明らかにした.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学
背景:
- 腸内幹細胞は結腸直腸がんの起源である.
- 人間の腸内幹細胞は,安定した上皮組織有機体として培養することができる.
- APC,P53,KRAS,SMAD4などの重要な遺伝子は,大腸がんでは頻繁に変異を起こします.
研究 の 目的:
- CRISPR/Cas9.9を用いてヒトの腸内幹細胞を遺伝子操作する.
- オーガノイド発育と腫瘍形成における一般的な結腸直腸がん遺伝子変異の役割を調査する.
- 結腸直腸癌の進行における早期の出来事を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 培養ヒト腸内幹細胞の標的遺伝子編集のためにCRISPR/Cas9を使用した.
- 開発された遺伝子組み換え腸内オーガノイド.
- 培養媒体の成長因子を操作することによって選択された変異性有機体.
- 腫瘍形成の研究のためにマウスに変異した変異性オーガノイドをXenotransplanted.
主要な成果:
- APC,P53,KRAS,SMAD4で突然変異を起こしたオーガノイドを生成した.
- 四重変異したオーガノイドは,幹細胞のニッチ要因とは独立して成長した.
- 変異したオルガノイドはP53安定化を許容しました.
- エクセノ移植された四重変異体が,マウスで侵襲性癌を形成した.
- APCとP53の喪失は,腫瘍進行の特徴であるアヌプロイド症を誘発した.
結論:
- 遺伝子工学により作られたヒト腸の幹細胞オルガノイドは,大腸がんのモデルとなる.
- 特定の遺伝子変異が腫瘍の発生と進行を促す.
- 結合したAPCとP53の損失は,腸内腫瘍症におけるアヌプロイディの開始に十分である.
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