代替的な多能状態は,種間のキメア的な能力を与える
Jun Wu1, Daiji Okamura1, Mo Li1
1The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Nature
|May 7, 2015
まとめ
研究者らは,培養条件を変更することで,地域選択性多能幹細胞 (rsPSC) を発見した. 人間のrsPSCを含むこれらの新しい幹細胞は,再生医療と早期発達の研究のための新しい道を開きます.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 幹細胞生物学 幹細胞生物学
- 再生医学は,再生医療である.
背景:
- 多能性とは,胚細胞が任意の細胞タイプを生成する能力である.
- 既存の胚性幹細胞とエピブラスト性幹細胞は,限られた時間的な多能性の状態を表しています.
- オントゲネシスはダイナミックなプロセスであり,より広範な多能性のスペクトルが存在することを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 確立された胚性および表皮質性幹細胞を超えた新しい多能幹細胞タイプを特定し,特徴づけること.
- 再生医療と発達研究におけるこれらの新しい幹細胞の潜在能力を探求する.
- 多能性の異なる空間的および時間的状態を捕捉する可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- マウス胚や霊長類の多能性幹細胞から新しい幹細胞タイプを導出するために,培養パラメータを調節する.
- 派生幹細胞のユニークな空間的,分子的,機能的な特徴を特徴づける.
- ヒトのrsPSCが種間キメア胚を生成する可能性を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 人間細胞を含むマウス胚や霊長類の多能幹細胞から,新しい幹細胞タイプ,地域選択性多能幹細胞 (rsPSC) を効率的に得られた.
- rsPSCは,独特の空間的特徴と,異なる分子および機能的特性を有しています.
- 人間のrsPSCは容易に培養され,ゲノム編集され,移植後の種間キメア胚を生成することができます.
結論:
- 地域選択的多能幹細胞 (rsPSCs) は,これまで認識されていない生物多能性の状態を表しています.
- 人間のrsPSCは,操作の容易さとユニークな発達の可能性のため,再生医療にとって有望な可能性を秘めています.
- 人間 rsPSCsがキメラを形成する能力は,初期の人間の発達と進化の理解を進めるかもしれない.
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