進化. 進化. 進化する. 酵母遺伝子の系統的な人間化により,保存された機能と遺伝的モジュール性が明らかになる
Aashiq H Kachroo1, Jon M Laurent1, Christopher M Yellman1
1Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 23, 2015
まとめ
重要な遺伝子の機能は,数十億年の進化を通して保存されています. 人間の遺伝子は酵母遺伝子を置き換えることができ,保存された機能が特定の生物学的経路で維持されていることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子遺伝学 分子遺伝学
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 広大な進化の時間スケールにおける遺伝子機能の保存を理解することは,進化の原理を解読する上で極めて重要です.
- 進化の深い分岐を調査するには,重要な進化の距離で隔てられている種間の遺伝子の機能的互換性を検討する必要があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子は,数十億年の進化を経て,祖先の機能を保持しているか否かを決定する.
- 機能的保存を評価することによって,進化の深い分岐を制御する原則を特定する.
- 人間の遺伝子が,酵母遺伝子を機能的に置き換えることができる程度を調査する.
主な方法:
- 414のエッセンシャルイースト遺伝子をヒトのオートロゲンで置き換えました.
- 酵母遺伝子の喪失による致死的な成長欠陥の補完のために測定された.
- 配列の相違にもかかわらず,機能的なメンテナンスを確認するために計算シミュレーションを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- 酵母菌の必須遺伝子のほぼ半分 (47%) は,人間のオートロゴスによって機能的に置き換えることができる.
- 遺伝子の置換性は,配列の類似性や発現レベルによってのみ予測されていませんでした.
- 置換性は,特定の生物学的モジュールまたは経路における遺伝子の関与,例えばステロール生物合成とDNA複製の開始などに強く依存していた.
結論:
- 多くの重要な遺伝子の重要な祖先の機能は,進化の10億年以上にわたって保持されています.
- 機能的保存は経路特異的な方法で維持され,配列,スプライシング,およびタンパク質インターフェースの分岐に対する回復力を示す.
- 特定の生物学的機能の選択は,進化の深い時間を通して遺伝子の代替性を維持する上で重要な役割を果たします.
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