海洋プランクトン. ユカリオットプランクトンの多様性は,太陽に照らされた海で
Colomban de Vargas1, Stéphane Audic2, Nicolas Henry2
1CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. vargas@sb-roscoff.fr pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr karsenti@embl.de.
まとめ
海洋プランクトンの調査は,海洋の大きさを超えて広大で未分類の真核生物の多様性を明らかにしています. 生物多様性のほとんどは,寄生虫や共生虫を含む異質性原生体に属し,その生態学的重要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
- ユカリオットの多様性
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 海洋プランクトンは,地球規模の生地化学的サイクルにとって極めて重要です.
- これまでの生物多様性調査は,地理的に制限され,サイズに偏っていました.
- プランクトンの多様性を理解することは,海洋生態系の健康にとって不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱帯および温帯の海洋におけるサイズスペクトルにおける真核プランクトンの多様性を評価する.
- 新しいエウカリオット系統とその生態学的役割を特定する.
- プランクトンの生物多様性の包括的なカタログを提供する.
主な方法:
- 334のサイズ分割プランクトンコミュニティからの18SリボソームDNAの分析.
- 中間のプランクトンサイズのスペクトル (>0.8マイクロメートルからミリメートル) にわたるシーケンシング.
- 環球タラ海洋探検のデータを活用した.
主要な成果:
- ユカリオットのリボソームの多様性は,約15万の運用分類単位に達した.
- 特定された3分の1の実用的な分類単位は,既知の真核生物群に属していない.
- 深い枝分岐の系統を含むすべての分類レベルで顕著な多様性が見られる.
結論:
- 海洋プランクトンには,未発見のユーカリ生物の多様性があります.
- ヘテロトロフな原生体,特に寄生虫や共生生物は,プランクトンの生物多様性の主要な構成要素である.
- これらの発見は,以前に過小評価されていたプランクトン群の生態学的重要性を強調しています.
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