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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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ドミノ・トンネリング

Peter R Schreiner1, J Philipp Wagner1, Hans Peter Reisenauer1

  • 1⊥Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 2, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

量子力学トンネリングは,冷凍温度での酸化酸ロタマーにおける連続的異体化を引き起こします. この"ドミノ"トンネリングメカニズムは,マトリックス分離実験で観察され,絶対ゼロに近い場合でも複雑な運動性を明らかにします.

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科学分野:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 量子力学は,量子力学という
  • スペクトル顕微鏡検査です.

背景:

  • オキサリック酸は,相対的なエネルギーが異なる複数のO-Hロタマーを示しています.
  • 冷凍温度での分子変換を理解することは,様々な科学分野にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • オキサール酸ロタマーにおける量子力学的トンネリング現象を調査する.
  • マトリックス分離条件下における連続性イソメリゼーションカスケードとその動態を特徴づける.

主な方法:

  • マトリックス分離実験は3K近くで行われました.
  • 最先端の量子化学計算. 最先端の量子化学計算. 最先端の量子化学計算.
  • 赤外線 (IR) スペクトロスコピーは,ロータマーの時間的な進化を監視します.
  • 反応カスケード運動学の一般的な数学モデルの開発.

主要な成果:

  • 酸化酸ロタマーで連続したイソメリゼーションカスケード (1tTt → 1cTt → 1cTc) が観察されました.
  • 30時間から360時間までの半減期を特定し,高エネルギーバリアを突破するトンネルを表示しています.
  • 崩壊速度に影響を与える高速および遅いマトリックスサイトの異なるクラスを明らかにしました.
  • 実験的な崩壊速度と理論的なトンネル掘削速度との間の一致が実証された.

結論:

  • オキサリック酸は,新しい連続的量子力学トンネリング現象を示しています.
  • A. A. A. A. でした.
  • ドミノドミノ ドミノドミノ ドミノドミノ
  • トンネリングメカニズムはこれらの変換を制御します.
  • 開発された数学的モデルは,異なるマトリックスサイトにおける複雑な運動学を正確に記述しています.