ペプチドグリカン修正は,先天性免疫受容体 Nod2 の安定性と機能を調節する
James E Melnyk1, Vishnu Mohanan1, Amy K Schaefer1
1†Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 3, 2015
まとめ
ペプチドグリカン・リガンドを改変することで,Nod2受容体を安定させ,先天的な免疫反応を微調整します. 研究者らは,リガンド構造を調整する新しい合成を開発し,治療の可能性のためのNod2活性化の調節を可能にしました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 炭水化物化学 炭水化物の化学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- ペプチドーグリカンの自然な改変は,先天的な免疫反応に影響を与えます.
- ペプチドーグリカン誘導体は,細胞内先天性免疫受容体,Nod2.2を活性化する.
- これらの改変がNod2経路にどのように影響するかを理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ペプチドグリカン誘導体の構造的変化が,ノド2媒介の先天性免疫応答にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- ペプチドグリカン炭水化物構造の末期改変のための新しい合成戦略を開発する.
- Nod2の安定化と免疫応答の調節におけるリガンド構造の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 2位アミンの後期改変のための新しく効率的な炭水化物合成を開発した.
- 合成された改変ペプチドグリカン誘導体.
- これらの改変がNod2細胞の安定性と下流の免疫反応に与える影響を評価した.
- リガンドのアイデンティティを変化させることで,Nod2依存の免疫応答のアップレギュレーションまたはダウンレギュレーションを調査しました.
主要な成果:
- ペプチドグリカン炭水化物の2位の変化は,Nod2を安定させ,適切な免疫反応を誘発するために重要です.
- ネイティブのNod2リガンドは,Nod2の細胞の安定性を著しく高めています.
- 炭水化物2位における天然リガンドのアイデンティティを変化させることで,ノード2依存免疫応答の調節可能な上昇調節または低下調節が可能になります.
- リガンド構造の修正は,Nod2の活性化を制御するための戦略を提供します.
結論:
- Nod2リガンドの構造は,Nod2依存の免疫応答を調節するために正確に調整することができます.
- このリガンドベースのチューニング戦略は,他の先天性免疫受容体に対する潜在的な応用を示唆しています.
- この発見は,Nod2経路を標的とした新しい免疫調節療法を開発するための道を開く.
関連する概念動画
Peptidoglycan Synthesis
4.4K
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
4.4K
Protein Modifications in the RER
7.6K
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...
7.6K
Bacterial Protein Maturation
713
Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
713
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
9.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
9.9K
Stringent Response in E. coli
486
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
486
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K


