中東呼吸器症候群とは
Alimuddin Zumla1, David S Hui2, Stanley Perlman3
1Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 8, 2015
まとめ
中東呼吸器症候群 (MERS) は,危険なコロナウイルス感染症です. ドロメダリーラクダが宿主であると疑われるが,MERS-CoVが人間に感染することはさらなる調査を必要としている.
科学分野:
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 中東呼吸器症候群 (MERS) は,新しいベータコロナウイルスであるMERS-CoVによって引き起こされる重症で致死的な呼吸器疾患です.
- ドロメダリのラクダは宿主として特定されていますが,人間への正確な感染経路は不明です.
- 最初のMERS-CoV症例は,2012年6月にサウジアラビアで記録されました.
研究 の 目的:
- MERSの疫学と臨床的特徴を要約する.
- MERS-CoV.によって引き起こされる公衆衛生上の脅威を強調する.
- 感染症対策の重要性を強調するためです.
主な方法:
- 報告されたMERS症例と死亡率データをレビューする.
- 臨床表現と伝播パターンの分析.
- MERS-CoVの公衆衛生状態と将来のアウトブレイクの可能性の評価.
主要な成果:
- 2015年5月31日現在,全世界でMERSの確定症例が1180件報告され,死亡率は40% (483人) であった.
- 症例は地域社会や医療施設で発生し,地域社会ではヒトからヒトへの感染が限られている.
- MERSの症例はサウジアラビアとUAEに集中していたが,旅行関連の症例はヨーロッパ,米国,アジアで発生した.
結論:
- MERSは,無症状から致死的な多臓器機能不全まで,特に併発性疾患を有する患者の病気のスペクトルを提示します.
- MERSには特定の抗ウイルス治療法はありません. 厳格な感染予防と制御は,医療環境において不可欠です.
- MERS-CoVは,変異によって伝染性が増加し,パンデミックのリスクが増加する可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-I
1.6K
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
1.6K
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-II
1.6K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.6K
01:30Acute Respiratory Failure-III
1.2K
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
1.2K
01:29Acute Respiratory Failure-V
674
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
674
01:23Acute Respiratory Failure-IV
745
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
745
01:31Common Respiratory Disorders
1.9K
Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
1.9K