熱の生理学. 熱の生理学. 涼しい状態を維持する:サハラ砂漠の銀アリにおける光学反射と放射熱の散熱の強化
Norman Nan Shi1, Cheng-Chia Tsai1, Fernando Camino2
1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 20, 2015
まとめ
サハラ砂漠の銀アリは,太陽光を反射し,熱を放射するためにユニークな三角形の毛髪を使用し,砂漠の極端な温度で生き残ることができます. この発見は,先進的な冷却材料を開発するための洞察を提供します.
科学分野:
- 生物学 生物学 生物学とは
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
- 熱力学は熱力学である.
背景:
- サハラ砂漠の銀アリ (Cataglyphis bombycina) は,高い温度の極端なアフリカの砂漠環境に住んでいます.
- 昆虫の温度調節を理解することは,生態学的研究とバイオミメティック応用において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- サハラ砂漠の銀アリの温度調節メカニズムを調査するために.
- 熱管理における銀色の外観の役割を分析する.
- パッシブ・クーリングの潜在的バイオミメティック・アプリケーションを調査する.
主な方法:
- の銀色の毛を顕微鏡で分析した.
- 放射能と反射性を測定するためのスペクトロフォトメトリー.
- 熱散度を評価するための熱画像撮影.
主要な成果:
- の銀色の外見は,密集した三角形の毛が原因です.
- これらの毛は,可視光線と近赤外線スペクトルの反射性を高め,熱吸収を減少させます.
- また,毛髪は中赤外線放射性を高め,熱放射を促進します.
結論:
- 独特の毛質構造は,サハラ銀アリにとって二重の温度調節の利点を提供します.
- この生物学的適応により,アリは極端な暑さでも効果的に餌を獲ることができます.
- この発見は,被動的な放射性冷却のための新しいバイオミメティックコーティングの開発の可能性を示唆しています.
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