生きた腎臓の提供:結果,倫理,不確実性
Peter P Reese1, Neil Boudville2, Amit X Garg3
1Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 20, 2015
まとめ
生きている腎臓の提供は,ほとんどのドナーにとって安全であり,ドナーでない人と同じような結果が得られます. 希少なリスクは存在するが,ほとんどのドナーは後悔していないと報告し,倫理的な慣行に対する情報に基づいた同意を強調している.
科学分野:
- ネフロロジーは腎臓科
- 移植手術 移植手術について
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 1954年以来,生きた腎臓の寄付が50万件以上行われた.
- 研究は,長期的なドナーの健康に関する理解を大幅に改善しました.
- 生きた腎臓の提供は,末期性腎疾患に対処する上で重要な要素です.
研究 の 目的:
- 生きた腎臓ドナーの長期的な健康と生活の質を評価する.
- 生きた腎臓の提供に関連するリスクと利益を特定する.
- 生存中の腎臓提供における倫理的慣行と将来の研究方向性を伝えるために.
主な方法:
- 生存中の腎臓ドナーの結果に関する既存の研究のレビュー.
- ドナーと非ドナーの平均寿命と生活の質のデータを分析する.
- 末期腎疾患,妊娠期高血圧,財政負担などの特定のリスクの評価.
主要な成果:
- 発展途上国の生きている腎臓ドナーは,健康な非ドナーと比較して,同様の寿命と生活の質を示しています.
- 末期腎疾患のリスクのわずかな増加 (<0.5%で15年) は,ドナーで観察されています.
- 寄付者は金銭的な負担に直面するかもしれませんが,ほとんどの寄付者は寄付に関して後悔していないと報告しています.
結論:
- 生きた腎臓の寄付は,一般的に無害で,非ドナーと比較して長期的に同様の結果が得られます.
- 倫理的な寄付には,リスクと不確実性を認識し,包括的な情報に基づいた同意が必要です.
- 開発途上国のドナーや,肥満などの既にある疾患を持つ者については,さらなる研究が必要である.
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