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関連する概念動画

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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胚の発達について. BMPのグラデーション:形態素媒介による発達パターニングのパラダイム

Ethan Bier1, Edward M De Robertis2

  • 1Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92095-0349, USA. ebier@ucsd.edu ederobertis@mednet.ucla.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 27, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

骨形態遺伝タンパク質 (BMP) は,胚の発達中の細胞運命を調節する. BMPおよびその抗生物質は,重要な組織パターンを確立し,グラデントシグナリングを通じて身体軸と成長を組織します.

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • 細胞シグナル伝達 細胞信号伝達
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • 骨形態遺伝タンパク質 (BMP) は,胚の発達において重要なシグナル伝達分子である.
  • BMPおよびそのアンタゴニストは,表皮対中枢神経系領域などの基本的な組織パターンを確立します.
  • BMPアンタゴニストはニューラル誘導を媒介し,このプロセスは約1世紀もの間研究されてきた.

研究 の 目的:

  • BMPの梯度に対する信頼性の高い発達反応の基礎となるメカニズムをレビューする.
  • 胚組織の組織化におけるモルフォゲンとしてのBMPの役割を調査する.
  • BMPシグナリングが細胞の運命決定にどのように寄与するかを要約します.

主な方法:

  • BMPシグナル伝達と発達生物学に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
  • 脊椎動物および無脊椎動物の胚における保存されたメカニズムの分析.
  • BMPのグラデーションとモルフォゲン系に関する発見の統合.

主要な成果:

  • BMPは,細胞の運命を制御するために,投与量に依存した方法で作用します.
  • BMPのグラデーションは,生殖層を分割し,体軸を編成するために不可欠です.
  • BMPシグナリングは,成長,幹細胞維持,誘導シグナリングを調節する.

結論:

  • BMPおよびそのアンタゴニストは,胚のパターン形成の重要な調節因子である.
  • BMPのグラデーションメカニズムを理解することは,発達過程を理解するために不可欠です.
  • このレビューは,開発中の形態原体としてのBMPに関する現在の知識をまとめています.