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人口の多様性において,身長と認知に関する方向性による優位性
Peter K Joshi1, Tonu Esko2,3,4,5, Hannele Mattsson6,7
1Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland.
Nature
|July 2, 2015
まとめ
ホモジゴシティのランクで測定されるホモジゴシティの増加は,身長,肺機能,認知能力,教育における低い値と関連しています. この遺伝的効果は,多様な集団に一貫しており,人間の進化におけるこれらの特徴のポジティブな選択を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 定量特質分析 定量特質分析とは
背景:
- ホモジゴシティは,まれなメンデルの疾患と,進化的適性低下と関連しています.
- 共通で遠い親族の関係が複雑な特徴に与える影響は,あまり理解されていない.
- ホモジゴシティのラン (ROH) は,ゲノム全体のホモジゴシティ効果を評価するための方法を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- ゲノム全体のホモジゴシティと16の健康に関連する定量的な特徴の関連性を調査する.
- ホモジゴシティが,大きく,多様なヒト集団におけるフェノタイプの変化に直接寄与するかどうかを判断する.
- ヒトの特徴に対する進化的選択圧力を,同胞性効果に基づいて探求する.
主な方法:
- 354,224人を含む102のコホートでホモジゴシティ (ROH) 分析の実行を行いました.
- 合計ROHと身長,肺機能,認知能力,教育レベルを含む16の定量的な特徴との関連を調べた.
- 異なる大陸のグループにおける効果の大きさを評価し,全ゲノムホモジゴシティの異なるレベルを評価した.
主要な成果:
- 統計的に有意な関連性は,総和のROHと4つの複雑な特徴:身長,強制呼吸肺の容量,一般的な認知能力,教育レベルとの間で発見されました.
- ホモジゴシティの増大は,これらの4つの特徴の値の低下と関連しており,効果の大きさは,従兄弟の子孫に匹敵していた.
- 血圧,LDLコレステロール,または他の10の心臓代謝特性に対するROHの影響の証拠は観察されなかった.
結論:
- ゲノム全体のホモジゴシティは,複雑な人間の特徴の現象的変異に直接寄与する.
- この発見は,身長と認知機能の向上に対する進化的選択を示唆している.
- 遅発の複雑な疾患の多くの危険因子は,同胞性に影響を与える方向性進化的選択の下にはないかもしれません.
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