粘膜免疫学 粘膜免疫学 微生物群は,RORγt+T細胞を通して2型免疫を調節する
Caspar Ohnmacht1, Joo-Hong Park1, Sascha Cording1
1Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, 75724 Paris, France.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 11, 2015
まとめ
早期の腸内微生物群は,免疫反応を形作る. RORγtバランス型2型免疫を発現する微生物群誘発の調節性T細胞 (Tregs) は,アレルギー性炎症を予防し,ヘルミントに対する防御を強化します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- マイクロバイオーム研究
- アレルギーと炎症について
背景:
- 早期の共生微生物群の変化は,2型免疫とアレルギー性炎症を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 微生物群が2型免疫を調節する正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.
- 腸内微生物群は,腸内のTヘルパー17 (T(H) 細胞と調節性T細胞 (T(regs)) を誘導することが知られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 2型免疫を調節する微生物群誘発性調節性T細胞 (Tregs) の役割を調査する.
- 微生物群に誘発されたTregsの分化経路と,T(H) 17細胞との関係を明らかにする.
- RORγt発現するTレグがヘルミントに対する免疫反応とアレルギー病理にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- 微生物群の信号の存在と欠如におけるT細胞の分化経路の分析.
- 核ホルモン受容体RORγtの発現を微生物質誘発のT(regs) で調査する.
- RORγt (+) T (regs) がT (H) 2誘導の免疫反応とヘルミントの防御に与える影響を評価する.
主要な成果:
- マイクロバイオータ誘発のT ((regs) は,核ホルモン受容体RORγt.を発現することが判明しました.
- これらの微生物群に誘発されたT (H) 17細胞は,T (H) 17細胞を生成する経路に沿って微分化します.
- RORγt (((+) T(regs) の欠如は,ヘルミントに対するより効率的なT(H) 2媒介の防御につながったが,T(H) 2に関連する病理を悪化させた.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群は,RORγt発現するT ((regs) とT ((H)) 17細胞を誘導することによって,タイプ2の免疫反応を調節する.
- 微生物群によって誘発される3型RORγt (((+) T (((regs) は,粘膜の免疫反応のバランスをとる上で重要な役割を果たします.
- これらの発見は,アレルギー性炎症の予防と免疫ホメオスタシスの維持における微生物群の重要性を強調しています.
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