水資源について. 水学的な接続性は,地球上の陸上の水流の分割を制限しています
Stephen P Good1, David Noone2, Gabriel Bowen3
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 11, 2015
まとめ
エバポトランスピレーション分割は,トランスピレーションが大気中に戻る水を支配していることを明らかにします. ほとんどの蒸発は,地表水への接続性が限られている土壌から発生し,流域水学に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 水文学 水文学とは
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 大気科学 大気科学
背景:
- 大陸の降水は,蒸気伝導によって大気中に戻ります.
- 蒸気伝導のサブコンポーネントを定量化することは,水循環と生態学的プロセスを理解するために重要である.
- 伝統的な水文学的方法は,蒸気伝気流を正確に分割するのに苦労します.
研究 の 目的:
- 組み合わせた大規模な流量分割アプローチを使用して,蒸気伝導のサブコンポーネントを定量化します.
- 土壌水と地表水の間の水学的な接続性を評価する.
- 流域水の動態への影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- 2つの大規模な流量分割アプローチを組み合わせた.
- 定量化蒸気伝導 (ET) とそのサブコンポーネント: 透気,土壌の蒸発,地表水の蒸発.
- 植物が利用する土壌水の表面水への寄与を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 世界的に見ると,蒸発の64%は汗による.
- 蒸発の65%は,地表水ではなく,土壌から発生します.
- 推定38%の地表水は,植物がアクセスする土壌水から派生しています.
結論:
- 土壌と地表水の間の限られた接続性は,採水区における水路輸送を根本的に構造化しています.
- この発見は,物理的および生地化学的プロセスに重大な影響を及ぼします.
- 蒸気伝導の正確な分割は,水文学的および生態学的理解を深めるための鍵です.
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