速度細胞は,中部エントルヒナル皮質の速度細胞である
Emilio Kropff1, James E Carmichael2, May-Britt Moser2
11] Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway [2] Leloir Institute, IIBBA - CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina.
Nature
|July 16, 2015
まとめ
科学者たちは,脳の特殊な"スピード細胞"を発見しました.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 認知神経科学とは
- 空間ナビゲーション 空間ナビゲーション
背景:
- 格子細胞を含む中枢腸内皮質 (MEC) のニューロンは,空間表現に不可欠な六角的な発火パターンを形成します.
- グリッド細胞の活動は,動物の動きに翻訳され,瞬時の速度情報が必要です.
- エントロリナル皮質内の走行速度のための専用の神経信号は未確認のままでした.
研究 の 目的:
- 介的エントルヒナル皮質で瞬時の走行速度をコードするニューラル集団を特定し,特徴づけること.
- これらの速度をコードするニューロンの性質と,他の腸内細胞タイプとの関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- ネズミの電気生理学的記録.
- 走行速度と動物の行動に関連したニューロンの発火率の分析.
- グリッド,ヘッド・ディレクション,ボーダー・セルとの発火特性比較.
主要な成果:
- "スピード細胞"と呼ばれる独特のエントルヒナルニューロン集団が特定されました.
- これらの速度セルは,走行速度に対して文脈不変で,ポジティブで,線形的な反応を示します.
- スピードセルは,グリッドセルと将来のタイムバイアス (50-80 ms) を共有しています.
結論:
- スピード・セルとは,走行速度をコードする専用の神経メカニズムを,中部エントロリナル皮質で表している.
- この集団は,グリッド細胞のような他の既知の腸内細胞タイプとは異なる.
- スピード細胞は,脳のダイナミックな自己位置表現の重要な構成要素です.
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