動物の生理学夏の活動や体温の低下は,北極クマに限られたエネルギーの節約を与える

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J P Whiteman¹, H J Harlow², G M Durner³

¹Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 18, 2015

まとめ

冬眠状態ではなく断食している哺乳類と似ています氷のない水域で泳ぎながら熱の損失を制御するために独特の体温調節装置を使います

科学分野:

動物学
動物生理学
気候変動の生物学

背景:

北極熊 (Ursus maritimus) は夏の間,海氷や沿岸部に住んでいます
気候変動によって海氷が減りクマは陸に迫られ餌を獲ることが制限されています
氷のクマの夏の生理学と陸のクマのエネルギー保存戦略は十分に理解されていません

研究の目的:

北極熊の夏の生理学とエネルギー消費を調査する
食料が不足すると冬眠状態に入るかどうか
北極熊が泳ぎながら熱を落とす方法を理解するためです

主な方法:

氷河と海岸の両方の北極熊の夏の活動レベルと体温のモニタリング
生物学的なデータを分析し, 既知の哺乳類の状態とエネルギー消費を比較する.
水泳中にヘテロサーミーを含む熱調節戦略を観察する.

主要な成果:

"氷"と"海岸"の両方のクマは,活動と体温の徐々に,適度な低下を示しました.
冬眠状態ではなく断食している哺乳類のエネルギー消費に似ています
北極熊は水泳中に異常な体温差を利用して過剰な熱の損失を防ぎます

結論:

冬眠のような状態は夏の間陸で食べ物を奪われるときにはありません
彼らの生理学的反応は長期にわたる夏の食糧不足で身体の状態が悪化する傾向にあることを示唆しています
季節的な氷の溶け方への適応は気候変動によって引き起こされる長い氷のない期間の課題を完全に軽減できないかもしれません

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