ディープ・バイオスフィア 海底から約2.5kmの深さまで,石炭を含む堆積物で微生物を調査する
F Inagaki1, K-U Hinrichs2, Y Kubo3
1Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. Research and Development Center for Marine Resources, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 25, 2015
まとめ
炭鉱の近くにある深海の堆積物で 微生物の群れが繁殖し 極端な環境でも 生命が存続することを示しています これらの古代の埋もれたコミュニティは 森林の土壌に見られるものと似ています
科学分野:
- 地質生物学
- 海洋生物学
- 深層生物圏研究
背景:
- 海の堆積物には 微生物が住んでいますが 深い生物圏の範囲と特徴は 十分に理解されていません
- 海洋沈殿物の奥深くにある高温環境 (>40°C) は,微生物の生存に挑戦しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 亜鉛炭床に関連する深海沈殿物の微生物の存在とコミュニティの組成を調査する.
- 海底1. 5~2. 5kmの深さで微生物の生息範囲を測定する
主な方法:
- メタンと二酸化炭素のイソトープ,バイオマーカー,ガス組成を含む堆積物の地化学分析.
- 培養と分子技術による微生物細胞の計数と特徴付け.
- 地下深くの微生物群と地表の微生物群の比較
主要な成果:
- 微生物のメタノゲネシスの証拠は,複数の地化学的および生物学的指標によって確認されています.
- 微生物の細胞濃度が変化した (<10~10~4) 細胞 cm~3) で,ピークはリグナイト層であった.
- 亜鉛鉱床の深層の微生物コミュニティは,陸上の有機栄養コミュニティに似ている独特の特徴を示した.
結論:
- 地元の微生物のコミュニティは 埋葬後 何百万年もの間 深い海のリグナイトの床に 存在し続けることができます
- 古代の微生物の長期貯蔵庫として機能します
- 深海の生物圏は かつて考えられていたより 広大で多様です
さらに関連する動画
10:30Soil Lysimeter Excavation for Coupled Hydrological, Geochemical, and Microbiological Investigations
Published on: September 11, 2016
11.5K
07:56Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Mysteries of Terrestrial Anaerobic Microorganisms in Uncharted Environments by In Situ Culturing
Published on: January 12, 2024
1.7K
関連する概念動画
01:18Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
42
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches...
42
01:25Microbial Mats
55
Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
55
01:29Soil Microbial Ecology
54
Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...
54
01:26Microbes and Methanogenesis
40
Methanogenesis is a critical microbial process in anaerobic ecosystems responsible for the biological production of methane, a potent greenhouse gas and valuable biofuel. This metabolic pathway is primarily facilitated by methanogenic archaea, which thrive in anoxic environments such as wetlands, sediments, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. The absence of oxygen in these habitats prevents aerobic respiration, thereby favoring alternative biochemical pathways for organic matter degradation.In...
40
01:27Diversity of Archaea III
441
Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
441
01:30Marine Microbial Ecology
43
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
43