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関連する概念動画

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

3.7K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
3.7K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.3K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.3K
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

3.2K
Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the...
3.2K
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction01:20

Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

5.6K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
5.6K
iChip01:24

iChip

105
The cultivation of environmental microorganisms has long been hindered by the inability to replicate complex native conditions in vitro. The isolation chip (iChip) addresses this limitation by facilitating the growth of previously uncultivable microorganisms through in situ incubation. Designed for high-throughput microbial cultivation, the iChip comprises hundreds of microchambers, each capable of housing a single microbial cell. These microchambers are loaded with a mixture of molten agar and...
105

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 25, 2015

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グラフェンキリガミ

Melina K Blees1, Arthur W Barnard2, Peter A Rose1

  • 1Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

Nature
|July 30, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

グラフェンはカットされ,折りたたみ (キリガミ) され,調整可能な機械的性質を持つマイクロスケール構造にすることができます. グラフェンシートのリップは硬さを大幅に高め,マイクロメカニカルデバイスでのアプリケーションを可能にします.

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 機械工学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • オリガミとキリガミは 伝統的な紙の折り畳みと切断の芸術で 3次元構造の作成に適しています
  • これらの技術は,高度な2D素材からマイクロスケール構造を製造するために探索されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • グラフェンのキリガミの適性を微小で調べる
  • キリガミパターンのグラフェン構造の 機械的性質を理解するために

主な方法:

  • グラフェンキリガミは,単層のグラフェンシート (10〜100ミクロメートル) で行われた.
  • Föppl-von Kármán数 (γ) は,屈折の硬さを測定することによって決定された.
  • 膜構造を分析し,波紋を特定するためにインターフェロメトリック画像を用いた.

主要な成果:

  • グラフェンはキリガミに適しており 頑丈なマイクロスケール構造を 作り出すことができます
  • 測られたグラフェンの屈折の硬さは 予想より数千倍高かったのです
  • 波紋状グラフェンのフォップル=フォン・カルマン数 (γ) は,紙に匹敵し,折りやすいことを示している.
  • キリガミパターンのグラフェンは 調節可能な機械的性質を示しています

結論:

  • グラフェンキリガミはマイクロスケールメタマテリアルの製造に適した方法である.
  • グラフェンの波紋は 屈折の強さを大きく高め キリガミに適しています
  • このアプローチにより スプリングやヒンジのような 柔軟で移動可能なマイクロスケール部品が作れます