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関連する概念動画

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

823
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
823
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

1.2K
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
1.2K
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

12.5K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
12.5K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

4.1K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
4.1K
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.8K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

5.3K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
5.3K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

13.3K

窒素化器のエネルギー源としてのシアネート

Marton Palatinszky1, Craig Herbold1, Nico Jehmlich2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Nature
|July 30, 2015
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,アンモニアを酸化するタウマーケオテ・ニトロスフェラ・ガーゲンシスが,これまで知られていなかった代謝能力であるシアネートを唯一のエネルギー源として使用して成長できることを明らかにしています. この発見はシアネートを強調しています.

さらに関連する動画

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

13.3K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 環境科学
  • 生地化学

背景:

  • アンモニアと窒素を酸化する微生物は,世界の窒素循環に不可欠です.
  • 伝統的に,アンモニアと尿素は,アンモニア酸化細菌と古生物の有酸素成長のための唯一の知られているエネルギー源です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいエネルギー源を用いたアンモニア酸化微生物の有酸素成長の可能性を調査する.
  • これらの新しいエネルギー源の利用に伴う代謝経路を特定し,特徴づけること.

主な方法:

  • シアネートを唯一のエネルギー源として使用したニトロスフェラ・ガーゲンシスの分離と栽培.
  • シアネート変換経路を決定する酵素分析
  • 環境サンプルをメタゲノミックスクリーニングして,関連する遺伝子の有病率を評価する.

主要な成果:

  • Nitrososphaera gargensisのエアロビックな成長は,唯一のエネルギー源と還元剤としてシアネートを使用して達成された.
  • シアネスをアンモニアに変換する酵素がN.gargensisで確認された.
  • 共同培養実験では,シアネートを利用したアンモニア酸化および窒素酸化微生物の相互栄養が実証されました.

結論:

  • ニトロスフィエラ・ガーゲンシスは,成長のためにシアネートを利用することによって,予期せぬ代謝の多用途性を示す.
  • シアネートは以前は認識されていなかったが 環境中の窒素循環において重要な化合物である.
  • シアネーゼ遺伝子の広範な分布は,多様な生態系におけるシアネート代謝の重要な役割を示唆している.