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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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幹 細胞 は 親 の 統制 を 示し て いる

Peggy Myung1, Valentina Greco2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

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|August 2, 2015
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まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

呼吸道基礎幹細胞は分泌子細胞という 子孫を活性化させます これは幹細胞が 呼吸道上皮質内の細胞機能を維持するために 独自のニッチを作り出せることを示唆しています

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科学分野:

  • * 細胞生物学
  • * 幹細胞生物学
  • * 呼吸器医学

背景:

  • * 幹細胞はニッチと呼ばれる特殊なマイクロ環境内に存在し,その状態と自己再生能力の維持に不可欠です.
  • * 幹細胞がニッチ内の子孫と相互作用し影響する正確なメカニズムは,特に上皮再生の文脈では完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • * 呼吸道基礎幹細胞と呼吸道上皮質におけるその子細胞の調節関係を調査する.
  • * 呼吸道基礎幹細胞が子孫の機能とアイデンティティの維持に積極的に参加するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • * ネズミのモデルで系統追跡と遺伝子操作の技術を活用した.
  • * 幹細胞とその子孫の遺伝子発現プロファイルを分析するために単細胞RNA配列を解析した.
  • * 幹細胞の調節が子細胞の行動に与える影響を評価するために,in vivoの機能分析を行った.

主要な成果:

  • * 呼吸道基礎幹細胞が分泌子細胞に対して"前向きの調節"を行なうことが示された.
  • * 幹細胞が分泌細胞の分化と維持に影響を与える特定のシグナル伝達経路を特定した.
  • * 幹細胞が自らの子孫を支えるために 局所的な微生物環境を積極的に形作ることが示された.

結論:

  • * 呼吸道基礎幹細胞は,分泌子細胞の維持に積極的な役割を果たし,受動的なニッチサポートを超えています.
  • * これらの発見は,幹細胞が自分の子孫のためのニッチとして機能する新しい概念を提案しています.
  • * この調節メカニズムは,呼吸道上皮質のホメオスタシスと修復に不可欠です.