アメリカ で の 暴力: 立場,課題,機会
Steven A Sumner1, James A Mercy2, Linda L Dahlberg2
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia2Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|August 5, 2015
まとめ
人間暴力は米国で重大な公衆衛生問題であり続けていますが 殺人や暴行率は減少しています この複雑な問題に取り組むには 家族や学校でのプログラムを含む 効果的な予防戦略が不可欠です
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 犯罪学
- 社会学
背景:
- 児童虐待,親密なパートナーによる暴力,高齢者への虐待など アメリカでは毎年 何百万もの被害者がいます
- 現在行われている暴力防止の取り組みには セクター間の協力や効果的な戦略の認識が 欠けていることが多いのです
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカにおける人際暴力の負担を 定量化するためです
- 暴力防止の課題と機会を特定する
- 暴力に対処する医療提供者の役割を強調する.
主な方法:
- 国家保健・法執行監視システムからのデータ分析
- 国立生命統計システム,FBI ユニフォーム犯罪報告,および国家犯罪被害調査からのデータを含みます.
- 児童虐待,親密なパートナーによる暴力,若者のリスク行動に関する専門調査のデータをレビューする.
主要な成果:
- 殺人や暴行の件数は減少していますが 毎年1万6千件以上の殺人事件と 160万件以上の非致命的な負傷事件が起こっています
- 何百万という大人と子供たちが 暴力を経験し 当局に報告不足が 深刻な問題となっています
- 暴力への曝露は長期にわたる 精神的および身体的健康への悪影響と関連しており 顕著な人種的/民族的差異がある.
結論:
- 対人暴力の減少に進展がみられたものの,依然として大きな負担が残っています.
- 効果的な予防策には 親に焦点を当てたプログラム,幼児教育,学校での介入,公共政策などがあります.
- 医療従事者は人際暴力の特定,予防,対応に不可欠です.
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