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関連する概念動画

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.9K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
11:47

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

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ユカリオットにおけるストップコドン認識の構造的基礎

Alan Brown1, Sichen Shao1, Jason Murray1

  • 1MRC-LMB, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.

Nature
|August 7, 2015
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ユカリオット放出因子1 (eRF1) は,3つのストップコドンをすべて認識します. 新しい冷凍電子顕微鏡構造は,eRF1がリボソームRNAを使ってメッセンジャーRNAを圧縮し,正確なストップコドン差別を可能にすることを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
11:47

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

16.5K
Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 構造生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • タンパク質合成の終結は,リボソームのA位にあるストップコドン (UAA,UAG,UGA) の認識に依存する.
  • 細菌は別々の放出因子を使用し,真核生物は単一の全能放出因子 (eRF1) を使用する.
  • eRF1がストップコドンとセンスのコドンを区別するメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • eRF1によるエウカリオットストップコドン認識の分子基礎を解明する.
  • eRF1,リボソーム,ストップコドンの間の構造的相互作用を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 高解像度構造 (3.5-3.8 Å) を得るために,冷凍電子顕微鏡 (冷凍EM) が使用された.
  • 哺乳類のリボソーム複合体をERF1と3つのストップコドンごとに分析した.

主要な成果:

  • eRF1結合は,18SリボソームRNAの構造変化を誘導し,ヌクレオチドA1825を反転させます.
  • このヌクレオチドは第2と第3のストップコドンベースに積み重ねられ,メッセンジャーRNAを圧縮します.
  • rRNAとeRF1残基間の水素結合ネットワークは,さらにストップコドン認識を安定させる.

結論:

  • この研究は,eukaryotic ストップコドン特異性を eRF1 がどのように達成するかの分子枠組みを提供します.
  • eRF1は,メッセンジャーRNAの圧縮を促進するために,tRNAの選択に関与するリボソームRNA核酸体を利用する.
  • 発見は,正典と早めの翻訳終了メカニズムへの洞察を提供します.