硫化水素系における高圧で203ケルビンでの従来の超伝導性
A P Drozdov1, M I Eremets1, I A Troyan1
1Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Nature
|August 18, 2015
まとめ
研究者は硫黄水素の超伝導性を203ケルビンで発見しました 高温超伝導体の重要な発見です この発見は,水素ベースの材料で室温の超伝導性を達成するための新しい希望を提供します.
科学分野:
- 凝縮物質物理学
- 材料科学
- 超伝導性
背景:
- 超伝導性により,臨界温度 (Tc) 以下の電気伝導は抵抗なしに行えます.
- 銅酸化物で達成された最高Tcは133K (環境圧),しかしそのメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
- 従来の超伝導性理論 (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) は,高Tcが水素豊富な材料で達成可能であると予測している.
研究 の 目的:
- 硫黄水素の超伝導性を調査するために,Tcが80Kであると予測されています.
- 高温超伝導性のための水素ベースの材料の潜在能力を探求する.
主な方法:
- 高圧合成と硫黄水素の特徴化
- 超伝導的移行を検出するための抵抗力測定.
- 超伝導性を確認するための磁場依存性研究
- Tcの確認のための磁気感受性測定
- 硫黄デウテリドを用いた同位体効果研究
主要な成果:
- 硫黄水素は 約90ギガパスカルの熱で 金属に変化する
- 磁場による抵抗力の急激な低下とTcの減少が観察された.
- 磁気感受性は203ケルビンという超伝導的移行温度 (Tc) を確認した.
- 硫黄二酸化物における有意な同位体シフトは,電子-フォノン超伝導機構をサポートする.
結論:
- 高Tc超伝導性は,硫黄水素で203Kで観察され,以前の予測を大幅に上回りました.
- 超伝導相はH3Sで,圧力で形成される.
- これらの発見は,室温の超伝導性を達成する水素ベースの材料の可能性の強力な証拠を提供します.
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