非原産植物の世界的交換と蓄積
Mark van Kleunen1, Wayne Dawson1, Franz Essl2
1Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
Nature
|August 20, 2015
まとめ
人間の活動により 13,168種の異種植物が 世界中で自然化しています 北半球の大陸は主要な供給源で,北米が最も多く,太平洋諸島は急速に増加し,世界的な管理の緊急性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- バイオジオグラフィ
- 環境科学
背景:
- 人類の活動により 地球の環境は急速に変化し 生物地理的障壁が崩れ落ちています
- 人間が媒介する分散は 異種が自然化して 生態学,経済,社会的な被害をもたらします
- 過去の世界の異種植物の蓄積と交換の分析は,データの入手が限られていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 大陸間の異種植物の蓄積と交換に関する包括的なグローバルな分析を行う.
- 自然化した外来植物種の世界規模に関する知識のギャップを埋めるために
- 植物の自然化に対する人間の活動による世界的な影響を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 自然化した外来植物種の発生を記録する ユニークなグローバルデータベースを活用しました
- 世界中で481の大陸地域と362の島々のデータを分析した.
- 世界的な血管植物と土地面積に比べて自然化した種の数を定量化した.
主要な成果:
- ヒトの活動により,合計1万3,168種の植物 (地球上の植物の3.9%) が自然化した.
- 北米は自然化した種の数が最も多く,太平洋諸島は土地面積に比べて最も急速な増加を示しています.
- 北半球の大陸は 他の大陸の 異種種の主な源です
結論:
- この研究は,地球規模での植物の自然化に関する最初の包括的な定量化である.
- 発見は,異種の拡散を管理し理解するための世界的な調整の必要性を強調しています.
- 有効な制御と管理戦略は,外来植物の影響を軽減するために不可欠です.
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