素早いヒストン触媒によるDNA損傷切除と付随する核細胞と核細胞核粒子のタンパク質変異
Liwei Weng1, Marc M Greenberg1
1Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 21, 2015
まとめ
DNAの酸化により,5'-(2-ホスフォリル-1,4-ダイオキシブタン) (DOB) と呼ばれる病気が発生する. 核細胞内では,DOBは急速に除去され,ヒストンはその切除を触媒化し,遺伝子調節に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 分子生物学
- 化学生物学
背景:
- DNAの酸化はC5'-ラジカルを含む反応性種を生成する.
- C5'-ラジカルが酸化され,基礎病変5'-(2-ホスフォリル-1,4-ダイオキシブタン) (DOB) を形成する.
- DOBは,DNAポリメラーゼβの既知の阻害剤であり,DNAの鎖間クロスリンクを形成することができる.
研究 の 目的:
- 核個体と核個体核粒子 (NCP) 内でのDOB病変の反応性と安定性を調査する.
- 核細胞構造がDOBの切除率に与える影響を決定する.
- ヒストンタンパク質とDOBの相互作用と,ヒストンの改変に対するその潜在的な影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 合成ヌクレオソームとNCP内のDOBの生成
- DNA修復アッセイを用いたDOB切除率の定量化
- 質量スペクトロメトリーを用いたDOBヒストン誘導体の分析
- シーフ塩基形成とピロロン形成のリジン残留物の調査.
主要な成果:
- ヌクレオソームDNAからのDOB切除は,フリーDNAより275〜1500倍速い.
- NCPにおけるDOBの半減期 (7. 0 - 16. 8分) は,他の基礎病変と細胞基礎部位の寿命よりも短い.
- ヒストンは,DNAリンク領域のDOB切除を触媒化する.
- シーフ塩基とピロロンの形成はDOBとヒストンライシン,翻訳後に改変されたライシンを含む間に起こります.
結論:
- 核体構造はDOB切除を著しく加速し,in vivoでは迅速な修復を示唆しています.
- DOBヒストンのアダクト形成と,その後のピロロンの形成は細胞内で行われる.
- これらのヒストンの改変は遺伝子発現の調節に影響を与え,DOB生成剤の細胞毒性に影響を与える可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
The Nucleosome Core Particle
2.7K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
2.7K
The Nucleosome Core Particle
15.3K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
15.3K
Histone Modification
17.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
17.3K
Histone Modification
5.0K
5.0K
Nucleosome Remodeling
11.6K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
11.6K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
10.0K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
10.0K


