森林の健康と地球規模の変化
S Trumbore1, P Brando2, H Hartmann3
1Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany. University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. trumbore@bgc-jena.mpg.de.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 22, 2015
まとめ
森林の健康は人間の生存と生態系のサービスに不可欠です. 気候変動と新たなストレスの中で 森林の健康状態を評価することは 極めて重要です
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境科学
- 林業
背景:
- 森林は不可欠な資源 (エネルギー,食料,材料) と生態系サービス (炭素貯蔵,生物多様性,気候規制) を提供しています.
- 森林の健康評価は,様々なスケールで人間の有用性と生態系の機能を統合します.
- 原生林は 気候変動や 汚染や 侵入種による 前例のない脅威に直面しています
研究 の 目的:
- 森林の健康を評価する科学的な課題に取り組むこと
- ストレスが森林に及ぼす影響を検出するシステムを開発する.
- 森林の急速な減少に対する 臨界点を特定する.
主な方法:
- 森林の健康を統合された実用的な生態系対策で定義する.
- 空間的なスケールの範囲で評価を実施します.
- 気候変動や大気汚染や 侵襲的な害虫などの 新種のストレスの影響を 検知することに焦点を当てています
主要な成果:
- 森林は自然災害への適応を超えた新たなストレスにますます脆弱になっています.
- 森林サービスが回復する時間が長いため,減少の限界を特定することは極めて重要です.
- 森林の健康状態を追跡するには グローバルな評価システムが必要です
結論:
- 森林の健康状態を 評価するシステムが必要です
- 森林のストレスへの反応を理解することは 森林保全の鍵です
- 衰退の限界を積極的に特定することで 重要な生態系サービスの長期的損失を軽減できます
関連する概念動画
01:50Global Climate Change
29.8K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.8K
01:27Microbes and Climate Change
56
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
56
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
27.8K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
27.8K
01:16What is Climate?
21.4K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
21.4K
01:21Dimensions of Health and Illness
12.0K
The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
12.0K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
21.9K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
21.9K