人間 の 影響 人間 の 捕食 者 の 独特 な 生態系
Chris T Darimont1, Caroline H Fox2, Heather M Bryan3
1Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Post Office Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada. Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Post Office Box 2429, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 3Y3, Canada. Hakai Institute, Post Office Box 309, Heriot Bay, British Columbia V0P 1H0, Canada. darimont@uvic.ca.
まとめ
人間が"スーパー捕食者"として行動し,他の動物をはるかに超える割合で成人の獲物を搾取します. この持続不可能な狩猟漁業は 野生生物と生態系に 影響を及ぼしています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 保護生物学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 持続的な搾取モデルでは 通常 人間の捕食行動が 見過ごされます
- 人間の捕食パターンはしばしば他の種と比較されますが,グローバルな捕食者の文脈で分析することはめったにありません.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の捕食率と行動を 他の捕食者と比較する
- 獲物の利用の持続可能性を評価する.
- 人類の捕食的な優位性による 生態学的,進化的結果を 特定するためです
主な方法:
- 年間有限利用率の推定値の2125のグローバル調査を実施した.
- 現代の狩猟漁師の捕食パターンを 他の捕食者と比較した.
- 陸上の哺乳類と海の魚の搾取率を分析した.
主要な成果:
- ヒトは他の捕食者よりはるかに高い割合で (14倍まで) 繁殖資本である成人の獲物を搾取します
- 陸上の肉食動物や魚は 特に人間による激しい搾取を 経験しています
- 人間の捕食の強さは 他の捕食者に対する 競争的優位性を示唆しています
結論:
- 人間は独特の捕食行動と 高い搾取率のために 持続不可能な"スーパー捕食者"として機能します
- 管理上の制約がなければ 人類の捕食は地球上の生態系と進化過程を 大きく変えてしまうでしょう
- 効果的な保全と持続可能な資源管理には 人間の捕食者としての役割を 再考することが不可欠です
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